{"id":104553,"date":"2022-08-22T17:13:18","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T15:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=104553"},"modified":"2022-08-25T09:20:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T07:20:35","slug":"ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html","title":{"rendered":"Ukraine: What to make of Russia\u2019s copycat justice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A top Russian official said in late July that Moscow had charged 92 members of the Ukrainian armed forces with \u201ccrimes against the peace and security of mankind\u201d and opened over 1,300 criminal investigations. Are there any grounds, and should we take this Russian move seriously?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Alexander Bastrykin, the head of Russia's Investigative Committee, <\/strong>told government newspaper Rossiiskaya Gazeta<\/a> that over 1,300 criminal investigations had begun against Ukrainian nationals. He also proposed an international tribunal backed by countries including Iran, Syria and Bolivia -- traditional allies of Russia --, according to a BBC report<\/a> on July 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGiven the utter disrespect for international law and the purposeful demolition of domestic rule of law performed by Russia lately, it is hard to take this announcement seriously from a legal perspective,\u201d says Sergey Vasiliev, a Russian-Dutch international criminal law expert at the University of Amsterdam. \u201cThe only way this announcement can make sense is if it is placed in the ideological lawfare context. The ultimate purpose is to counter-pose Russia's quasi-legalist narrative of crime and punishment against multiple efforts and initiatives to hold alleged war criminals responsible undertaken by the West and by Ukraine.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the Russian aggression on February 24, Ukraine has been remarkably quick and astute in its legal offensive against Russian war crimes, as Justice Info has reported<\/a>, as well as putting up military resistance on the ground. The International Criminal Court and numerous Western states have opened war crimes probes. Ukraine says it has opened more than 21,000 cases, and is already holding its first war crimes trials<\/a> of captured Russian soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDeny everything and blame the other side\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Natalia Sekretareva, a lawyer for the Russian NGO Human Rights Defence Memorial, says Moscow may see these statements and possible prosecutions as \u201cnecessary to maintain the narrative the state has been promoting for eight years now\u201d. \u201cThis represents the way the authorities often deal with violation allegations,\u201d she told Justice Info. \u201cThey deny everything and blame the other side. Lawyers working with torture victims can testify to how many times police claimed that the person fell out of the window or inflicted injuries themselves all over their body.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amnesty International also reacted to the Russian news, slamming a \u201clack of transparency\u201d and a \u201cbrazen disregard for international fair trial rights and international humanitarian law\u201d on the part of authorities in Moscow. \u201cThe Geneva Conventions clearly state that prisoners of war, including members of the armed forces, are protected from prosecution for taking part in hostilities,\u201d said Denis Krivosheev, Amnesty\u2019s Deputy Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia in a July 25 press release<\/a>. \u201cIf individuals are to be charged with alleged crimes against humanity, there must be sufficient evidence to support such a claim. The Russian authorities have shared no evidence to support these charges. Instead, they deployed disinformation blaming Ukrainian forces for acts such as the destruction of the Mariupol theatre, a civilian building shattered by a deliberate Russian attack.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No \u201ccrimes against humanity\u201d in Russian criminal law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vasiliev thinks references in Western reports to \u201ccrimes against humanity\u201d may be mistaken, as these crimes are not incorporated into Russian criminal law. \u201cBastrykin reportedly said it is about 'crimes against peace and security of mankind' - but this clearly refers to the entire chapter 34 of the Russian Criminal Code, which features 10 articles including those relating to aggressive war, the use of banned means and methods of war (a rudimentary provision on war crimes), rehabilitation of Nazism, genocide, mercenarism, attacks against personnel enjoying international protection, and acts of international terrorism,\u201d he explains. \u201cThere's no provision on crimes against humanity as a separate category in the Criminal Code - this is one of the serious gaps in the domestication of ICL [international criminal law] in Russia. So one can expect said charges to concern any of the above-mentioned offences, but crimes against humanity are not one of them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekretareva concurs. \u201cThe Russian Criminal Code does not codify crimes against humanity, so probably the authorities will not charge anyone with that,\u201d she says. \u201cBut then again it is rather hard to predict what is going to happen because it's not very clear what is the legal basis of the Russian authorities' actions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also says that to her knowledge, Russia has not so far produced any evidence. \u201cI am not sure it ever will. For example, we have no idea on what grounds Supreme Court judge Nazarova declared Azov a terrorist organisation,\u201d she says, referring to the Azov Battalion, a controversial unit incorporated in the Ukrainian army and which played a key part in the defence of Mariupol. \u201cApart from that, only the authorities have access to what's happening on the occupied territory. So, even if one wanted to access some data on, let's say, Mariupol, one couldn't. There is talk about the Investigative Committee questioning Ukrainian citizens arriving in Russia from conflict zones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tit for tat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vasiliev sees the Russian move as part of the Kremlin's attempt to \u201cweave the alternate reality complete with a self-produced victimhood narrative\u201d. He notes that Moscow used allegations of Ukrainian \u201cgenocide\u201d against Russian speakers in the east as justification for its aggression. Moscow also claimed that it needed to \u201cde-Nazify\u201d Ukraine. But given the Ukrainian and Western offensive on Russian war crimes, Moscow\u2019s counter-offensive has been slow and now \u201cthe Russian law-enforcement is slowly catching up in fulfilling this ideological function\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRather than a mere tit-for-tat, it is an aspect of a broader enterprise to claim ownership of ICL's conceptual apparatus and rhetorical power whereby Russia tries to challenge Western monopoly of the project,\u201d he says. \u201cIn terms of delivery, though, this announcement appears to parrot and serve as a response to Ukraine's deft weaponization of criminal law. Note the obsession with quantification, which tracks the Ukrainian Prosecutor General's communications: it mentions the (impressive) number of cases and accused just to allude to the scale of the exercise and the intention to keep the stats henceforth.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both Vasiliev and Amnesty International also note that the news followed a case in early June when a separatist \u201ccourt\u201d in Russian-occupied Donetsk, eastern Ukraine, sentenced two captured British nationals and a Moroccan national to death<\/a> for being \u201cmercenaries\u201d. \u201cI see it as part of the continuum of similar Russian announcements and efforts over the past months - a sequel of sorts to the idea of an international tribunal in Donetsk to try the Azovstal defenders [in Mariupol]; and the recent 'DNR' [Donetsk separatist entity] convictions of and death penalties for the trio of the British and Moroccan 'mercenaries', who are in fact members of Ukrainian Armed Forces and could not be prosecuted for participation in hostilities,\u201d says Vasiliev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bastrykin and internal power struggles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It is not clear, says Sekretareva, whether the people Russia says it has charged or plans to prosecute are POWs [prisoners of war] or Ukrainians still in Ukraine. \u201cI'd say perhaps both,\u201d she says. \u201cShould the trials happen in \"DNR\" or \"LNR\" [Russian-backed separatist states in eastern Ukraine], no one will have access to the proceedings. Should they happen in Russia, it might as well be the same.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vasiliev also thinks there are Russian internal political considerations at play. \u201cBastrykin, the head of the Investigative Committee, is a prominent and influential long-serving 'silovik' (strongman from the intelligence services) in the regime. Like everyone else in the top echelon, he finds himself in the midst of under-the-cover power struggles among the elites competing for influence and attention,\u201d he says. \u201cSpearheading the international criminal lawfare on behalf of Russia and staging prosecutions of Ukrainian 'international criminals', is the means for him to demonstrate, yet again, his loyalty to the war party line and to the leader. He is using powers available in the domain under his control to strengthen his public profile and secure his position in the present political constellation and in whatever regime might come after.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"3<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tUkraine: why the \u2018show trial\u2019 of British POWs violates Geneva\u00a0Conventions\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A top Russian official said in late July that Moscow had charged 92 members of the Ukrainian armed forces with \u201ccrimes against the peace and security of mankind\u201d and opened over 1,300 criminal investigations. Are there any grounds, and should we take this Russian move seriously?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":104556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566,3291],"tags":[3546],"ji_location":[2429,2533],"class_list":["post-104553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","category-ukraine-by-justice-info","tag-investigations","ji_location-russia","ji_location-ukraine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUkraine: What to make of Russia\u2019s copycat justice - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A top Russian official said in late July that Moscow had charged 92 members of the Ukrainian armed forces with \u201ccrimes against the peace and security of mankind\u201d and opened over 1,300 criminal investigations. 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Are there any grounds, and should we take this Russian move seriously?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ukraine: What to make of Russia\u2019s copycat justice","og_description":"A top Russian official said in late July that Moscow had charged 92 members of the Ukrainian armed forces with \u201ccrimes against the peace and security of mankind\u201d and opened over 1,300 criminal investigations. 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Are there any grounds, and should we take this Russian move seriously?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Russia_Alexander-Bastrykin_@Investigative-Committee-of-Russia.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Russia_Alexander-Bastrykin_@Investigative-Committee-of-Russia.jpg","width":926,"height":618,"caption":"Alexander Bastrykin, Chairman of the Russian Federation Investigative Committee, told the government newspaper Rossiiskaya Gazeta on 25 July that more than 1,300 criminal investigations have been opened for war-related crimes in Ukraine. \u00a9 Investigative Committee of Russia"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/104553-ukraine-what-to-make-russia-copycat-justice.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ukraine: What to make of Russia\u2019s copycat justice"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Julia Crawford","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Juliacra","https:\/\/x.com\/JuliaCrawford13"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/jcrawford"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104553"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104628,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104553\/revisions\/104628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104553"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=104553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}