{"id":116359,"date":"2023-05-04T12:06:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=116359"},"modified":"2023-07-07T15:58:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T13:58:29","slug":"kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html","title":{"rendered":"The Kosovo Specialist Chambers orders reparations, but will victims ever see the money?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Last month, Salih Mustafa was ordered to pay more than 200,000 euros to his victims for the suffering he allegedly inflicted during Kosovo\u2019s fight for independence. But the former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) prison officer has been declared indigent and the court has no compensation fund.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The presiding judge called the decision a \u201cmilestone\u201d for the Hague-based Kosovo Specialist Chambers (KSC) last December when she announced a guilty verdict for Salih Mustafa on four counts of war crimes for running a detention facility in eastern Kosovo. Mustafa, who served as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) commander of Llap Operation Zone in the north-east part of Kosovo during the 14-month struggle for independence in the late 1990s became the first defendant to be convicted of war crimes<\/a> by the court. At 52, he was sentenced to 26 years in jail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In April, the three-judge panel ordered Mustafa to pay 207,000 euros in reparations for the damage he caused to the victims who participated in the trial. Nearly all the detainees at the Zllash detention center were fellow ethnic Kosovo Albanians who were accused of collaborating with Serb forces. Detainees were held in a makeshift facility sometimes described as a cowshed, without adequate food, water, bedding, medical care or toilets, survivors said. They described being beaten, subjected to electric shocks and burned with candles, both by Mustafa and his men. \u201cYou were just waiting for death, when it will come. Today, tomorrow, you were waiting for you to be killed,\u201d one witness, who testified anonymously, told the court<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No one\u2019s responsible for payment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eight victims participated in the trial, all anonymously. Their lawyer, Anni Pues, told the court that they are still experiencing the physical and psychological impact of their detention. \u201cNo amount of money can make good on the suffering they have experienced,\u201d she told Justice Info. But, she adds, \u201cthe financial support is welcome.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The amounts range from 2,000 to 80,000 euros, depending on the injuries sustained by the victim. The highest amount was awarded to victim V09\/05, who was kicked, punched, beaten under he lost consciousness and burnt with a hot iron. He suffers from depression and PTSD, has difficulty sleeping and is afraid of anyone in a black uniform. The compensation took into account his suffering and how his experiences kept him from maintaining regular employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa himself has been declared indigent and there is no expectation from the victims that the money will come from him personally. The former KLA commander made his disdain for the court clear during the opening of his trial in 2021<\/a>. Wearing a red and black tracksuit, the colors of the KLA, Mustafa told the judges: \u201cI am not guilty of any of the counts brought here before me by this Gestapo office.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike the International Criminal Court, the KSC has no trust fund for victims and the Kosovo government is not obliged to pay the reparations orders. \u201cVictims should receive reasonable, appropriate, and prompt reparations,\u201d the Mustafa reparations order states before calling on Kosovo to create a new funding mechanism. The legal framework of the court has no mandate for reparations, despite allowing for their order, and Pristina has little interest in amending it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pues says that she and her colleagues raised the issue of this gap from the outset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bekim Blakaj is the head of the Kosovo Humanitarian Law Centre. His organisation works to implement transitional justice<\/a> in the region and described the reparations order as a \u201csignificant step forward in the realization of victims\u2019 rights to compensation\u201d in a press release<\/a>. But the group is critical of the lack of planned implementation and called on the government to establish a mechanism for all of the war victims, not just Mustafa\u2019s, to be compensated. \u201cThe court is not very popular in Kosovo,\u201d Blakaj told Justice Info. It is seen by many as attacking the victims of the conflict \u2013 the Liberation army \u2013 rather than the Serbian oppressors. The war left 13,000 people dead, the majority of whom were Kosovo Albanians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anonymous witnesses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2015, Kosovo established the Committee for Crime Victims Compensation which offers victims restitution, paid from government coffers, when the perpetrators are unable to pay. The KSC judges noted that one avenue for payment could be this committee, though cautioned that the order against Mustafa exceeded the maximum compensation permitted by the fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are other potential problems as well. The committee\u2019s former head, Nesrin Lushta, told Balkan Investigative Reporting Network in 2022<\/a> that it wasn\u2019t possible to pay for crimes that occurred before the program was established. Further, recipients cannot remain anonymous in the present system. Lack of anonymity is a major deterrent for any KLA victims, who are sometimes still seen as traitors. Every participating victim in Mustafa\u2019s case was granted anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The court itself has had substantial issues<\/a> with witness intimidation since it began. It operates under Kosovo law but is based in The Hague and is staffed by internationals in an effort to prevent interference. The court\u2019s first convictions, in fact, were for precisely that. Two former leaders of the KLA War Veterans Organization, Hysni Gucati and Nasim Haradinaj, were found guilty<\/a> of obstruction of justice, intimidation and unauthorized release of confidential information in May 2022. The pair were sentenced to four-and-a-half years in prison and fined 100 euros. The sentence was reduced on appeal to four years and three months of imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reparations aren\u2019t sexy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Financing reparations and other transitional justice initiatives is a problem that has plagued post-conflict areas. \u201cIt\u2019s not as sexy as criminal justice,\u201d says Igor Cvetkovski, of the International Organization for Migration. He\u2019s worked on reparations across the globe, from Germany to Colombia and is critical of the international community for often leaving restitution as an afterthought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In speaking with Justice Info, Blakaj pointed out that the amounts awarded by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers were substantially higher than what had been given to victims in civil proceedings in Serbia and Kosovo or by the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)<\/a>. \u201cThis creates a huge discrimination among victims,\u201d he says. Although by the economic standards of Kosovo, the amounts awarded are significant, Pues notes that her clients aren\u2019t receiving exceptional amounts. \u201cIt is in line with what they would be entitled to had they received a war pension,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What injured KLA members receive for participation in the conflict was considered as part of the reparations assessment by the court. An expert report commissioned by the court to determine reparations, known as the Lerz Report, details the various benefits the veterans are entitled to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosovo does have other reparations programs. Following years of lobbying efforts by activists, the government now offers a 230 euro monthly stipend to victims of sexual abuse during the conflict, a figure that is just less than the average salary. Human rights groups estimate there could be as many as 20,000 victims. Several senior Yugoslav Army officials were convicted at the ICTY for overseeing sexual assault as a form of persecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The KSC 207,000 euro amount isn\u2019t settled either. The defense still has several more days to appeal the reparations order itself and the conviction is also being appealed. If an appeals panel reduces Mustafa\u2019s liability in connection with the victims or concludes he wasn\u2019t involved in some or all of the events, the reparations award could be reduced. In the meantime, the victims will wait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
DOCUMENT : \"Reparation order against Salih Mustafa\" (PDF) <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"Salih<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tKosovo: first conviction for war crimes in The Hague\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Last month, Salih Mustafa was ordered to pay more than 200,000 euros to his victims for the suffering he allegedly inflicted during Kosovo\u2019s fight for independence. But the former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) prison officer has been declared indigent and the court has no compensation fund.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":116341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[565,544],"tags":[2975,2976,2974],"ji_location":[2303],"class_list":["post-116359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mixed-tribunals","category-reparations","tag-kosovo-liberation-army","tag-kosovo-specialist-chambers","tag-salih-mustafa","ji_location-kosovo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKosovo war: will the victims of the KLA get reparations?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Salih Mustafa, a former KLA officer during the Kosovo war, has been ordered to pay reparations to his victims. 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Will this decision be applied?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_published_time":"2023-05-04T10:06:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-07-07T13:58:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":797,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kosovo_war-victims-prison-missing_@Armend-Nimani-AFP.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Molly Quell","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@MollyQuell","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Molly Quell","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html"},"author":{"name":"Molly Quell","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/55fca2d9578077be1a5db46b4886acbb"},"headline":"The Kosovo Specialist Chambers orders reparations, but will victims ever see the money?","datePublished":"2023-05-04T10:06:03+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-07T13:58:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html"},"wordCount":1254,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kosovo_war-victims-prison-missing_@Armend-Nimani-AFP.jpg","keywords":["Kosovo Liberation Army","Kosovo Specialist Chambers","Salih Mustafa"],"articleSection":["Mixed tribunals","Reparations"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html","name":"Kosovo war: will the victims of the KLA get reparations?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kosovo_war-victims-prison-missing_@Armend-Nimani-AFP.jpg","datePublished":"2023-05-04T10:06:03+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-07T13:58:29+00:00","description":"Salih Mustafa, a former KLA officer during the Kosovo war, has been ordered to pay reparations to his victims. Will this decision be applied?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kosovo_war-victims-prison-missing_@Armend-Nimani-AFP.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kosovo_war-victims-prison-missing_@Armend-Nimani-AFP.jpg","width":1200,"height":797,"caption":"An installation in 2021 in memory of the missing from the Kosovo conflict. The Kosovo Specialist Chambers only try alleged perpetrators of crimes committed by the Kosovo Liberation Army. \u00a9 Armend Nimani \/ AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/116359-kosovo-specialist-chambers-orders-reparations-will-victims-see-money.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Kosovo Specialist Chambers orders reparations, but will victims ever see the money?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Molly Quell","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/MollyQuell"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/mollyquell"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/91"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116359"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":116373,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116359\/revisions\/116373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116359"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=116359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}