{"id":117090,"date":"2023-05-22T10:43:35","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T08:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=117090"},"modified":"2023-06-09T10:45:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T08:45:48","slug":"netherlands-trial-crimes-against-yazidis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/117090-netherlands-trial-crimes-against-yazidis.html","title":{"rendered":"Netherlands to open first trial on crimes against Yazidis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The first trial for crimes against the Yazidis is about to open in the Netherlands. The defendant, Hasna Aarab, is a 31-year-old Dutch national woman from Hengelo, a town in the East of the country. She is facing charges of slavery as a crime against humanity and terrorism.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Netherlands is the second country to prosecute Islamic State (ISIS) members for their crimes against Yazidis before a national court, under the principle of universal jurisdiction<\/a>. Germany<\/a> took action first, with already two convictions for genocide against this community living in the Sinjar region of northern Iraq, targeted by ISIS in 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many had to flee, while men were killed and many women were forced into slavery and suffered sexual and gender-based crimes. This has been qualified as a genocide by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights as of 2015. In 2022, around 200,000 Yazidis were still living in and outside displaced camps across the Kurdistan region of Iraq, according to the UN<\/a>. And as more hate speech occurred again in early May<\/a>, Yazidis activists demand an accountability mechanism and guarantees of non-repetition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cForced labour\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hasna Aarab<\/a> first appeared before a court in Rotterdam on February 14. She is accused of co-perpetrating slavery as a crime against humanity against a Yazidi woman, referred to as Z. for security reasons. According to the prosecution, the defendant forced the woman to \u201cperform cleaning and domestic work, prepare food and care for her son for many hours a day, as a forced labour\u201d. The crime was allegedly committed in 2015 in the city of Raqqa, central Syria. Still in the pre-trial phase, the case is handled in Rotterdam by the District Court of The Hague, that is dealing with international crimes. A second hearing was held on April 25 and the next one is scheduled for June 27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aarab is one of 12 women who were repatriated from <\/a>camps located in the Kurdish autonomous area <\/a>in northern Syria, together with their 28 children in November 2022<\/a>. The women were all arrested as they entered the Netherlands. Another woman is accused of an international crime, namely pillaging as a war crime<\/a>. All of them are now facing charges for membership of a terrorist organisation. The slavery charges for Aarab are based on the statements of three Yazidi witnesses, including Z. The prosecution explained that these statements were initially made to the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Islamic State (UNITAD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the prosecution, Aarab traveled to Syria from the Netherlands with her 4 year old son in 2015 to marry a Moroccan national IS fighter. Between May 1 and August 1, 2015, she stayed at her husband\u2019s acquaintance\u2019s house in Raqqa, the capital of the self-proclaimed \"Islamic caliphate\" - one of the first major localities to fall into the hands of ISIS in 2014. \u201cThis case must be viewed in the context of the mass murder, the genocide, committed by ISIS against the Yazidi community,\u201d said the prosecutor Mirjam Blom during the first hearing. She argued that Aarab was aware of the widespread and systematic attack targeting the Yazidis and she knew that Z. was a Yazidi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aarab\u2019s defense lawyers Andr\u00e9 Seebregts and Mirjam Levy firstly said that their client denies keeping Z. as a slave and invoked her right to remain silent. She did not attend the second hearing on April 25, but the defense lawyer said she acknowledged being in the same house as Z. while denying commanding her. The lawyer added that the accused was young and naive and was placed in the house by her husband who then left. The defense did not wish to make more comments at this stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The merit of the case will probably be heard in winter, explains Brechtje van de Moosdijk, spokesperson of the prosecutor\u2019s office. The investigation is ongoing, she says, and time may stretch if defense lawyers demand to hear witnesses that need to be transferred from foreign countries. Every three months a new hearing is held to give the lawyers an opportunity to present investigative submissions. To date, the defense was allowed by the court to hear Z. as a witness. It was also allowed to submit written questions to UNITAD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt means a lot\u201d, for the Yazidi community<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe are happy that finally something is moving, it means a lot\u201d for the Yazidi community, says Wahhab Hassoo, an activist and co-founder of the NGO NL Helpt Yezidis, who has been following the preliminary hearings from up-close. \u201cI was very emotional during the first one, the judge talked about the suffering of the Yazidis,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hassoo is hoping for more. \u201cWe have been demanding for a more active attitude from Western governments and the government in the Netherlands,\u201d which according to him has started mobilising only when foreign fighters and their relatives started to be repatriated and could pose a risk to the country\u2019s national security. \u201cWe want compensations and we want the Yazidis who are coming to the Netherlands as refugees to get asylum,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need this government to take responsibility now because Dutch nationals contributed to the genocide against us,\u201d Hassoo argues. \u201cIt is important to see our government take legal action against Dutch nationals - not only for joining ISIS, but for the atrocities they committed as ISIS members against innocent individuals like Yazidis,\u201d says in a written note Pari Ibrahim, executive director of the Netherlands-based NGO Free Yezidi Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are thousands of ISIS members who committed those crimes and thousands of victims and you just have two countries in Europe who on their own initiative try to move this justice process forward with a handful of cases,\u201d says Natia Navrouzov, legal advocacy director of the Yazidi NGO Yazda. \u201cThis is really not enough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Netherlands has officially recognised the Yazidi genocide<\/a> in July 2021. Several other countries have done the same but so far only Dutch and German prosecutors have taken few concrete steps.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n

PLEAS FOR AN INTERNATIONAL COURT AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN IRAQ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyond universal jurisdiction trials, Yazidi activists believe that both Iraqi national trials and international mechanisms are needed to capture the full scale of what they suffered.<\/p>\n

Both Wahhab Hassoo, of the NGO NL Helpt Yezidis, and Pari Ibrahim, from the Free Yezidi Foundation say that the Yazidi genocide should be handled in an international mechanism \u201cwhere our community and the whole world can benefit from seeing the truth of the crimes\u201d committed by ISIS, says Pari Ibrahim.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe want an international tribunal because ISIS is an international problem and there were so many foreigners who joined ISIS,\u201d says Natia Navrouzov from Yazda, a Yazidi organization based in the United States. But setting up an international tribunal also takes a long time and significant financial resources, and Navrouzov says that this would also only work \u201ctemporarily\u201d.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, hate speech against Yazidis in Iraq continues<\/a>. In this context, Navrouzov believes that an accountability mechanism within the Iraqi national justice system would be key to long-term justice as it could also tackle possible future crimes. But \u201csurvivors have said many times that they would not trust a purely national process because of the huge risk that it's going to be politicised\u201d and \u201can accountability mechanism in Iraq would have to have international involvement,\u201d, she clarifies.<\/p>\n

At the moment Iraq has not incorporated genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity into its domestic legislation. ISIS members are only prosecuted for terrorism crimes under Iraqi law. Understanding the reasons behind the genocide \u201cis also a function of trials in Iraq,\u201d says Navrouzov, as Yazidis have in fact been persecuted since the Middle Ages.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"A<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tGermany: First conviction for genocide against the Yazidi\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first trial for crimes against the Yazidis is about to open in the Netherlands. The defendant, Hasna Aarab, is a 31-year-old Dutch national woman from Hengelo, a town in the East of the country. She is facing charges of slavery as a crime against humanity and terrorism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":117078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2801],"tags":[2653,2725,2635,2727,2857,2915,2698,2697],"ji_location":[2279,2373,2499],"class_list":["post-117090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-universal-jurisdiction","tag-crime-against-humanity","tag-etat-islamique-en","tag-genocide-2","tag-islamic-state","tag-slavery","tag-terrorism","tag-yazidi","tag-yezidis-en","ji_location-iraq","ji_location-netherlands","ji_location-syria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCrimes against Yazidis: first trial in Netherlands<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hasna Aarab (close to the Islamic State) is accused of crimes against humanity (slavery) committed against a Yezidi woman, as well as 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Thousands of civilians escaping from the jihadists are now pouring into Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq. \u00a9 Piroschka Van de Wouw \/ AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/117090-netherlands-trial-crimes-against-yazidis.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Netherlands to open first trial on crimes against Yazidis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Margherita Capacci","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/MargheritaCapa3"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/margheritacapacci"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117090"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117095,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117090\/revisions\/117095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117090"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=117090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}