{"id":123617,"date":"2023-10-23T10:35:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=123617"},"modified":"2023-10-23T10:35:30","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:35:30","slug":"mokom-fiasco-icc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/123617-mokom-fiasco-icc.html","title":{"rendered":"The Mokom fiasco at the ICC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

It\u2019s a new blow for the International Criminal Court. On October 16 the Prosecutor announced he was withdrawing all charges against Maxime Mokom, a former minister from Central African Republic. Other cases linked to this country\u2019s situation are being questioned. And the way the court manages its investigations comes once again under fire.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

In an unprecedented move, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/a> has withdrawn charges against former Central African Republic (CAR) minister of Disarmament Maxime Mokom for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the process to confirm the charges against him, on October 16. Mokom has been released from prison. The prosecutor\u2019s decision raises many questions about how the court manages its investigations and what may happen to any further cases he wants to bring against individuals from the CAR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As recently as August this year, during the confirmation of charges hearings before three judges, the prosecution was arguing that Mokom coordinated attacks by anti-Balaka forces in Bangui and Bossangoa against the Muslim population in 2003 and 2004. In 20 counts of attacks on civilians, murder rape, pillaging and destruction of buildings, the prosecution had alleged that Mokom \u201cwas no mere bystander\u201d, but rather someone who \u201cmust have known\u201d that atrocities were being committed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCrumbling\u201d evidence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mokom was arrested<\/a> in March last year on the border with Chad and transferred to the ICC\u2019s detention unit. As his confirmation of charges hearing was heavily delayed, he was granted an interim release<\/a>, but couldn\u2019t find a European country willing to take him under the onerous conditions the court set. Mokom\u2019s defence lawyer Philippe Larochelle told Justice Info he had mixed feelings about the prosecutor\u2019s move - even though it now leaves his client free - because Mokom had spent 19 months in jail, without his charges confirmed, before \u201cthe prosecutor came to his senses\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the appeal to the judges, the prosecutor said the reason for the withdrawal of charges was the \u201cunavailability\u201d of witnesses<\/a>. In a video statement deputy prosecutor Mame Mandiaye Niang said<\/a> \u201cwe must constantly assess the evidence\u201d at all stages and \u201conly cases with reasonable prospects of conviction\u201d should proceed. Without details he referred to \u201cthe crumbling\u201d of part of the evidence and said there was \u201cno realistic prospect\u201d of success even if the charges had been confirmed. It was not an \u201ceasy\u201d decision, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Larochelle questioned the explanation as a \u201cbogus reason\u201d or a \u201csmokescreen\u201d because witness statements could be used if they were deceased, or they could be summoned. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t hold water for me,\u201d he said. During the confirmation of charges hearings Larochelle and his team had tried to show that the prosecution case theory was \u201clike a butterfly\u201d, that it had not settled on one clear analysis of Mokom\u2019s role. \u201cI know the evidence is not there,\u201d said the defence counsel, describing \u201cmore exculpatory than inculpatory\u201d evidence. Some observers speculated privately that the judges might already have been minded to not confirm the charges against Mokom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Losing insider witnesses?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gabriele Chlevickaite of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam believes those \u201cunavailable\u201d must have been insider witnesses because for crime-based witnesses, \u201cyou could add additional time, or do additional investigations and find replacements\u201d. These are broad charges against a high-ranking official which would \u201calso indicate that in order to confirm the charges, they would need linkage evidence and linkage evidence can mainly be gotten from insider witnesses\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the other trial of anti-Balaka officials Alfred Yekatom and Patrice-Edouard Nga\u00efssona at the ICC<\/a>, there was a postponement at the request of the prosecution before the confirmation of charges could begin in 2019 \u201cdue to witness protection issues\u201d. Like in that trial, investigations in the Central African Republic are unlikely to have provided the prosecution with much in the way of documentary or forensic or intercepted evidence, she suggests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lucy Gaynor of Amsterdam University has been monitoring the CAR trials and she says that because the Yekatom and Nga\u00efssona trial has had so many private sessions, it\u2019s become difficult for observers to assess what has happened with witness testimony in that case and whether they may be proving unreliable or fatigued or potentially unwilling to be questioned again in a further case \u201cin case they're called out,\u201d she says. \u201cWe just can't know.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A structural problem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mokom meanwhile was sentenced in the CAR to a life with hard labour<\/a> on September 21. For now he is in The Netherlands, and needs to find a state to take him in \u2013 a situation that the ICC has faced before. After Congolese militia leader Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui was the first person to be acquitted by the ICC he was sent back to the Democratic Republic of Congo after being refused political asylum by the Dutch and Kenya in 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mokom investigation is also not the first to face possible insider witness issues. \u201cWe had the Kenya situation with the cases against Kenyatta, Ruto and Sang being withdrawn, or having no case to answer being granted on the basis, basically, of witness tampering and recanting of their testimonies, which were mostly insider witnesses\u201d, Chlevickaite recalls. She also says that in the Ivory Coast case of Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Bl\u00e9 Goud\u00e9, \u201cit wasn't as obvious\u201d, but \u201cvery high-ranking insiders were called to testify on the expectation that they would provide linkage evidence, and once on the stand didn't turn fully hostile but suddenly couldn't remember anything\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This may be a structural issue at the ICC, which Chlevickaite says may be linked to the fact that the Office of the Prosecutor \u201chas nothing to offer\u201d the insiders in exchange for their testimony. \u201cIf you think of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, where insiders could be granted plea deals or something to incite them into testifying, or pressure them even in testifying, the ICC has nothing. It has never happened that an insider witness actually would turn into a suspect at the ICC in more than 20 years of practice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deputy prosecutor Niang acknowledged that some may feel \u201cdisappointment\u201d and \u201cfrustration\u201d. He sought to assure that the decision to withdraw the charges \u201conly concerns Maxime Mokom\u201d and that it had \u201cno impact or interference\u201d on other potential CAR cases at the court.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tThe ICC in Central African Republic: phantom state, phantom justice\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It\u2019s a new blow for the International Criminal Court. On October 16 the Prosecutor announced he was withdrawing all charges against Maxime Mokom, a former minister from Central African Republic. Other cases linked to this country\u2019s situation are being questioned. And the way the court manages its investigations comes once again under fire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":123610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[562],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2165],"class_list":["post-123617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icc","ji_location-central-african-republic"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Mokom fiasco at the ICC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It\u2019s a new blow for the International Criminal Court. 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