{"id":125700,"date":"2023-12-07T11:28:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=125700"},"modified":"2023-12-07T11:28:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:28:23","slug":"founders-ruthless-militia-kigali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/125700-founders-ruthless-militia-kigali.html","title":{"rendered":"\"They were founders of a ruthless militia in Kigali\""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Pierre Basabos\u00e9 and S\u00e9raphin Twahirwa were behind a group of murderous Interahamwe in the Gikondo sector of Kigali in 1994. This was the Belgian prosecutor\u2019s conclusion presented on Monday December 4 at the end of their trial before the Brussels Assize Court. Basabos\u00e9 was the militia's \"financier\", while Twahirwa \"led\" the militia, according to the prosecutor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Standing in her red gown, the magistrate delivered her closing arguments before the Brussels Assize Court for six hours. Prosecutor Kathleen Grosjean is convinced that the two Rwandan defendants are intimately linked. The softness of her voice did not dampen her uppercuts. They were two major genocide perpetrators, she said, founders of a particularly murderous Interahamwe militia in Kigali - two men who complemented each other in a criminal enterprise, the first giving orders and the second behind the scenes ensuring the militia remained operational.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the prosecution's case: S\u00e9raphin Twahirwa, 65, nephew of President Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana, and Pierre Basabos\u00e9, 76, a former soldier and wealthy shopkeeper from the capital Kigali, recruited \"idle youths\", trained them to handle weapons, maintained them and encouraged them to commit murders in the Gikondo sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Together they ran an elite Interahamwe militia, which they trained and armed. They called it 'OPS Karambo'. They were the founders of this ruthless militia, sometimes reinforced by the Presidential Guard,\" the prosecutor told the court. \"The entire Gikondo area was a powder keg because of the two defendants. Each in his respective role enabled the existence of this militia, which was responsible for numerous murders, attempted murders, rape and pillage. The militiamen absorbed all the hatred that the accused distilled.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-two-men-of-influence\">Two men of influence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The two men, she explained to the jury, \"were not just anybody\". Their social status \"was the basis on which they were going to commit the crimes\". \"Pierre Basabos\u00e9 is an old man today, who doesn't understand much anymore [he suffers from senile dementia], but the acts on trial were committed when he was in his right mind,\" she said. At the time, he had a large grocery shop and a foreign exchange office where all Kigali came. He had also made a fortune trading in cobalt. Before that, in the army, he had been a driver for Colonel Elie Sagatwa, brother-in-law of former Rwandan President Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As for Twahirwa, the prosecutor said he had tried to make a good impression, but his attitude at the hearing gave him away, revealing his authoritarian personality. \"He looks at his mobile phone when a female witness talks about the rape he inflicted on her, he sneers during other testimony, he tries to ask the witnesses questions himself, he stands up when he is not allowed to,\" she noted. Several witnesses confirmed that he was a nephew of President Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana - Habyarimana's wife, Agathe Kanziga, had been brought up with her father - and that he boasted of this relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-accusing-rwandan-witnesses-of-lying-is-a-cliche\">\u201cAccusing Rwandan witnesses of lying is a clich\u00e9\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To back her accusations against the two Rwandans accused of war crimes and genocide, who came to Belgium in late 1990-early 2000, the prosecutor cited the words of several witnesses, adding that \"apart from a few dissenting voices, the majority of the testimony is consistent\". She defended the investigation conducted by Judge Ludivine Kerzmann, dismissing any suspicions that the authorities in Kigali had manipulated the witnesses. \"The investigating judge came here to explain how she was able to work. She could hear anyone she wanted, go anywhere she wanted,\" said the prosecutor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"I have rarely seen so much manoeuvring to distract us from the substance of the case,\u201d she continued. \u201cLawyers have grilled witnesses on details. They have tried to distract them from what they were saying, made them repeat certain statements several times so that they contradicted themselves, and tried to irritate the witnesses. These are attempts to poison the trial. Accusing Rwandan witnesses of lying is a clich\u00e9 in all trials relating to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/120135-genocide-tutsis-rwanda-causes-what-happened-justice.html\">genocide in Rwanda<\/a>. I call it low-level racism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She also dismissed claims that it has become too difficult to hold <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/regions\/belgium\">Rwandan genocide trials in Belgium<\/a> because the events were too long ago, because the jury of ordinary citizens does not understand Rwandan culture, or because there is pressure on witnesses. Such claims are unfounded, she said, and are merely attempts to discredit the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rape-as-a-weapon-of-genocide\">Rape as a weapon of genocide<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking for the civil parties, lawyer Mich\u00e8le Hirsch turned to S\u00e9raphin Twahirwa\u2019s image as a brutal sexual predator that has dogged him since the start of the trial. Several women have come forward to say that he raped them before or during the genocide. The court heard them behind closed doors. According to Hirsch, their number makes this trial special, because a \"mass rapist\" is at the centre of it. Around ten witnesses testified on rape, according to Justice Info\u2019s tally, out of a total 102 witnesses, some of whom did not turn up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"During the first Rwandan genocide trial in Belgium, the Butare Four Trial in 2001, the word rape was not uttered once. The women who testified spoke of those they had lost, but not of what they themselves had experienced: rapes, children born of rape, AIDS. I blamed myself. I wasn't able to hear the silence of these women,\" said Hirsch with emotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"We now know that the rape of Tutsi women was an integral part of the genocide. Many - in fact most - of the survivors were raped. What we have heard before this court in this sixth Rwandan genocide trial in Belgium is a first. It is the first time in Belgium that mass rape has been prosecuted. Your decision will be important in this respect,\" she declared, turning to the jurors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The next few days will be devoted to the defence.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/123304-there-was-no-roadblock-there-wasnt-the-space.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda-Belgique_proces-Seraphin-Twahirwa_@Simon-Wohlfahrt-AFP-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"S\u00e9raphin Twahirwa goes on trial in Belgium for his alleged role in the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda-Belgique_proces-Seraphin-Twahirwa_@Simon-Wohlfahrt-AFP-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda-Belgique_proces-Seraphin-Twahirwa_@Simon-Wohlfahrt-AFP-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda-Belgique_proces-Seraphin-Twahirwa_@Simon-Wohlfahrt-AFP-1110x740.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda-Belgique_proces-Seraphin-Twahirwa_@Simon-Wohlfahrt-AFP.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/123304-there-was-no-roadblock-there-wasnt-the-space.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\t\"There was no roadblock, there wasn\u2019t the space\"\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pierre Basabos\u00e9 and S\u00e9raphin Twahirwa were behind a group of murderous Interahamwe in the Gikondo sector of Kigali in 1994. This was the Belgian prosecutor\u2019s conclusion presented on Monday December 4 at the end of their trial before the Brussels Assize Court. Basabos\u00e9 was the militia's \"financier\", while Twahirwa \"led\" the militia, according to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":125683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2801],"tags":[2635,4120,4119,2756],"ji_location":[2125,2431],"class_list":["post-125700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-universal-jurisdiction","tag-genocide-2","tag-pierre-basabose-en","tag-seraphin-twahirwa-en","tag-sexual-violence","ji_location-belgium","ji_location-rwanda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Basabos\u00e9 and Twahirwa, &quot;the founders of a ruthless militia&quot; in Rwanda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During their trial in Belgium for genocide, two men were presented by the prosecutor as being behind a murderous Interahamwe group in Kigali in 1994.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/125700-founders-ruthless-militia-kigali.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;They were founders of a ruthless militia in Kigali&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"During their trial in Belgium for genocide, two men were presented by the prosecutor as being behind a murderous Interahamwe group in Kigali in 1994.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/125700-founders-ruthless-militia-kigali.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JusticeInfo.net\" \/>\n<meta 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His co-accused, Pierre Basabose, although suffering from senile dementia and absent from his trial, is also on trial. \u00a9 Simon Wohlfahrt \/ AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/125700-founders-ruthless-militia-kigali.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\"They were founders of a ruthless militia in Kigali\""}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"gponselet","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/GPonselet"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/gponselet"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125700"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125714,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125700\/revisions\/125714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125700"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=125700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}