{"id":127188,"date":"2024-01-15T11:18:33","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T10:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=127188"},"modified":"2024-02-12T19:02:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T18:02:10","slug":"israel-palestine-legal-battle-started","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/127188-israel-palestine-legal-battle-started.html","title":{"rendered":"Israel-Palestine: the legal battle has started"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On January 11 and 12, lawyers for South Africa and Israel presented their arguments before the International Court of Justice. South Africa is alleging that Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people. For now it is asking the court to order urgent provisional measures to stop the killing. Israel says such measures are \u201cunwarranted and prejudicial\u201d. And it\u2019s only the beginning of the legal fight before the world court.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

A video of a group of Israeli soldiers singing and chanting \u201cthere are no uninvolved civilians\u201d resounds around the Great Hall of Justice at the Peace Palace in The Hague on January 11. South Africa is using the images to underline its argument that Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people. It has brought Israel to the International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/a> to answer a number of allegations; that Israel is not only committing genocide against the people of Gaza, but that it has failed to prevent genocide, failed to punish genocidal talk, and normalised genocidal rhetoric. The video relates to a number of statements by Israeli officials including the prime minister about destroying and \u201crooting out\u201d the enemy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In order to prevent further harm to Gazans, Pretoria has also asked the court to require provisional measures - a form of international legal emergency restraints - aimed at stopping further deaths and injuries in the beleaguered Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a two-day sitting in The Hague lawyers from either side argue about the realities on the ground and the interpretation of legal aspects of the claim. There will be no finding of genocide though, because the full case will take several years to be argued. This urgent session, the first of 2024 for the UN court, is a way to circumvent the veto powers wielded by Israel\u2019s closet ally, the United States at the UN Security Council, and ask the judges to require a ceasefire in Gaza. \u201cSouth Africa only has to show that its claims are plausible, that there's a real risk genocide either is occurring or will occur if the court does not take emergency action,\u201d comments Adil Haque, professor of law at New Jersey\u2019s Rutgers University, in the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNothing short of the destruction of Palestinian life\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Israel\u2019s strikes started after Hamas and other Palestinian militia attacked Israeli towns and villages from Gaza on October 7 last year, killing some 1200 people and taking several hundreds hostage. Israel besieged the Palestinian territory and prevented food and other supplies from getting in. It has conducted a massive bombing campaign, aimed it says at destroying Hamas leadership. It has told most of the 2 million residents to move while its ground forces entered and tried to destroy the extensive networks of tunnels Hamas has built under the Gaza strip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN experts have been describing a shocking humanitarian situation with most of Gaza\u2019s hospitals unable to function, massive damage to civilian infrastructure, not enough food able to be distributed safely to stave off famine. The Hamas-run ministry of health estimates nearly 25,000 have died in the 3-month long campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

South Africa\u2019s arguments to the 17 judges hearing the case began by placing the alleged genocidal acts \u201cwithin 75 years of apartheid occupation and siege\u201d and decades long impunity for widespread human rights violations. They followed up with lawyer Adila Hassim quoting the Secretary General of the UN saying \u201cnowhere is safe\u201d in Gaza. She described relentless bombing, the uncounted under the rubble, the numbers of bombs dropped in areas Israel had told civilians were safe. \u201cThis killing is nothing short of the destruction of Palestinian life. No one is spared, not even new-born babies,\u201d she pleaded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo matter how horrendous an attack, genocide is never allowed\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Irish lawyer Blinne N\u00ed Ghr\u00e1laigh, a member of South Africa\u2019s legal team, focused the effects of the Israeli campaign on the most vulnerable. She pointed to the \u201cirreparable prejudice\u201d Gazans face without intervention as entire multi-generational families will be obliterated. She quoted the ICJ\u2019s own cases back \u2013 for example, as recently as November 2023 in Armenia v. Azerbaijan, where they had intervened because children were unable to attend school and people were forced out of their homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was effective,\u201d comments Mike Becker, Assistant Professor of international human rights law at Trinity College in Dublin. And, he continues: \u201cFrankly, it was a harrowing presentation,\u201d highlighting the part where the lawyer explained the \u201cWCNSF\u201d acronym used for the first time in the world by doctors in Gaza \u2013 Wounded Child No Surviving Family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe very reputation of international law hangs in the balance,\u201d N\u00ed Ghr\u00e1laigh pleaded in court. \u201cGaza represents a moral failure\u201d and the world \u201cshould be absolutely horrified that there is no safe space in Gaza. The world should be ashamed.\u201d Vaughan Lowe, another member of the legal team for South Africa, pointed to the use of bunker busting bombs in civilian areas. It\u2019s \u201cnot just a question of scale. It\u2019s also a question of intention.\u201d Lowe wanted to pre-empt Israeli arguments on legitimate self-defence. \u201cNo matter how horrendous an attack, genocide is never allowed. Including the obligation to prevent genocide,\u201d he pleaded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amichai Cohen, professor of international law at Israel\u2019s Ono Academic College told Justice Info he thinks this is \u201cthe most problematic part of the South African argument,\u201d that so little was said on the war itself and the context of the armed conflict with Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The right of Israel to defend itself<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On the second day, Israel presented its version of events. Tal Becker told the judges that South Africa is not offering a lens but rather a blindfold. The South Africans, he says, have failed to understand the nature of intensive urban armed conflict and how the Hamas authorities in Gaza embedded itself within and beneath civilian areas. They \u201cturned massive swathes of civilian infrastructure\u201d into \u201cterrorist territory,\u201d he said. This is an \u201cunconscionable request for a ceasefire,\u201d he added, \u201cbecause it inhibits Israel\u2019s ability to defend itself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Israel\u2019s lawyers also argued against the \u201cdistorted\u201d picture presented by South Africa and showed pictures of weapons fired from schools by Palestinian militants and found inside a child\u2019s bed. Omri Sender gave many details on the amounts of flour and water being allowed into Gaza and how Israel was working with the new UN humanitarian coordinator. He reiterated that Israel \u201cremains bound my international legal obligations including genocide convention.\u201d And he challenged the applicant\u2019s suggestion that \u201cyou cannot take word of state.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Mike Becker thinks \u201cthe court will be sensitive to the security challenges that Israel faces\u201d in part because \u201cboth parties to that armed conflict aren't in front of the court.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hate speech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

South Africa has also submitted a number of statements from Israeli officials to tackle an essential part of the Genocide Convention \u2013 that of proving the special intent to destroy a group in whole or in part. On the day of the Hamas attacks Prime Minister Netanyahu  warned of an \u201cunprecedented price\u201d to be paid by the enemy. The Deputy Speaker of the Knesset, Israel\u2019s Parliament, called for the erasure of the Gaza Strip from the face of the earth. The Defence Minister Yoav Gallant told troops that he has \u201creleased all the restraints\u201d and that \u201cGaza won\u2019t return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Cohen of Ono Academic College says the continued hateful rhetoric emerging from Israel was the \u201cweakest point\u201d of Israel\u2019s arguments despite all the \u201chumanitarian assistance coming in and the evacuations and the warnings and the cooperation with the UN.\u201d Professor Becker noted a few mentions by the Israeli team of investigating hate speech. \u201cBut South Africa pre-empted that point by saying, that's all well and good, but those investigations appear to have started within the last 36 hours or something like that, in response to the ICJ cases being filed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Christopher Staker, arguing on the Israeli side, said that this application for provisional measures was being used as a sword for one to gain military advantage. The lawyers for Israel stated that the guiding legal framework to examine what was happening in Gaza should be international humanitarian law, and that Israel was following it. The provisional measures are \u201cunwarranted and prejudicial,\u201d he told the judges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And we\u2019ll all be back in court next month<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe court can't order Hamas to step down or enter into a cease fire,\u201d comments Professor Becker. \u201cI don't think the court will leave it unaddressed. I think they will try to come up with some formulation that urges or directs Israel to act with greater restraint.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Haque agrees. \u201cSouth Africa basically copied and pasted this [provisional measures] request from the order in the Ukraine case,\u201d he said referring to the case filed before the ICJ by Ukraine against Russia in 2022. \u201cAnd I think one difference is that in that case, Ukraine could plausibly say that if Russia stops fighting, we will stop fighting. But here, South Africa cannot guarantee that if Israel stops fighting, Hamas will stop fighting.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The judges face a difficult task to balance the very different perspectives presented to them. Haque says they are likely to rule for some type of measure, especially something to address the humanitarian crisis because \u201cif the risk of mass death from famine and disease cannot be avoided without a suspension of military operations by Israel, that alone is sufficient to justify this request, because whatever Israel's legitimate interests might be, they are simply outweighed by the need to avoid a genocidal result, to prevent Israel's conduct up to this point from actually resulting in the destruction of a group in whole or in part.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Becker thinks that despite Israel\u2019s arguments that they should be trusted \u201cthe sheer scale and gravity of the humanitarian situation may well mean that that's not enough.\u201d He anticipates that, \u201cat a minimum, enough judges will be convinced that \u2018We're glad to hear that Israel is doing everything it can to facilitate humanitarian assistance, but there's no real harm then in us indicating provisional measures to hold Israel to that promise\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In February the ICJ judges will start hearings on an advisory opinion the UN General Assembly asked from the court on the occupation of Palestine territories. No matter what decision they make on the provisional measures now, many of the judges will be back to hear again arguments about the Israel-Palestine conflict next month.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"Israeli<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tIsrael-Palestine conflict: What difference could an ICJ ruling make?\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On January 11 and 12, lawyers for South Africa and Israel presented their arguments before the International Court of Justice. South Africa is alleging that Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people. For now it is asking the court to order urgent provisional measures to stop the killing. Israel says such measures are \u201cunwarranted […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":127181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4138,4140],"tags":[2635],"ji_location":[2285,2403,2477],"class_list":["post-127188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cour-internationale-de-justice-cij","category-international-court-of-justice-icj","tag-genocide-2","ji_location-israel","ji_location-palestine","ji_location-south-africa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIsrael-Palestine: the legal battle has started<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In The Hague (Netherlands), before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), South Africa accuses Israel of genocide in Palestine. 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In three months, the war in Gaza is reported to have claimed the lives of 25,000 civilians, the majority of them women and children. \u00a9 Mahmud Hams \/ AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/127188-israel-palestine-legal-battle-started.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Israel-Palestine: the legal battle has started"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"janderson","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/janethanderson"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/janderson"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/79"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127188"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127215,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127188\/revisions\/127215"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127188"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=127188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}