{"id":128611,"date":"2024-02-20T10:47:58","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T09:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=128611"},"modified":"2024-02-20T12:29:00","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T11:29:00","slug":"palestine-plea-against-occupation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/128611-palestine-plea-against-occupation.html","title":{"rendered":"Palestine\u2019s plea against occupation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On the first day of hearings at the International Court of Justice in the Hague on the legality of Israel\u2019s occupation of Palestine, the judges heard from Palestine\u2019s lawyers. They emphasised the international importance of the case, with 55 written interventions from states and international organisations. And they outlined the breadth of the issues facing the judges, ranging from self-determination to apartheid.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo one in this Great Hall of Justice is starry-eyed about international law, but it is what we have,\u201d proclaimed British barrister and King\u2019s Counsel Philippe Sands<\/a>, as he appeared for Palestine before the International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/a> on February 19. He placed his arguments squarely in the context of the \u201cright to self-determination\u201d enjoyed by all peoples under the United Nations Charter.\u00a0That right \u201chas real and practical consequences,\u201d he continued, including the right to control land and resources and be free from demographic manipulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Israel is not attending the hearings. While Palestine\u2019s representatives spoke over three hours and submitted a 390-page written brief<\/a>, Israel filed a five-page document<\/a> challenging the legitimacy of the proceedings. It argues that the framing of the questions before the court is \u201cprejudicial\u201d and disregards the \u201cthousands of dead and wounded Israelis who have fallen victim to murderous Palestinian acts of hatred and terrorism - acts that continue to endanger Israel's civilians and national security on a daily basis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The challenge for Palestine and the states that agree with its analysis is to convince judges that they should see what is happening in Palestine now in the grand sweep of history, and boldly apply several international law instruments including the United Nations Charter, and conventions on racial discrimination and against apartheid, to analyse the situation. The judges are being encouraged not to be overly deferential to any state\u2019s arguments about endangering putative peace negotiations or Israel\u2019s security. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countering Israel\u2019s argument over security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The context of the mounting casualties in the war in Gaza provided a steady drumbeat during Palestine\u2019s presentations, emphasising the urgency of the situation and providing additional evidence of the Israeli leadership\u2019s negative attitudes to any prospective Palestinian state. But the mass of documents, maps and the quotes fielded by Palestine skirted over many potential Israeli counter-arguments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bewigged Philippe Sands has appeared before the court in many cases. He made a comparison to one of them - the court\u2019s advisory opinion over the Chagos Islands in which the court ruled on self-determination against the counter view that security issues were at stake. \u201cIn Chagos, the Court swatted away British and American arguments that alleged security concerns somehow trump the right of self-determination and its exercise. We trust that the Court will dismiss the argument that the Palestinian people\u2019s right of self-determination is somehow conditional upon a subjective determination by Israel as to matters of its security.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sands says that an opinion of this court makes a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict more likely, not less likely. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPalestinian statehood is not dependent on the approval of Israel. The Occupying Power does not have, and cannot have, a right of veto over the right of self-determination of the Palestinian people,\u201d he concluded. \"The right of self-determination requires that UN Member States bring Israel\u2019s occupation to an immediate end. No aid. No assistance. No complicity. No contribution to forcible actions. No money, no arms, no trade, no nothing. All UN Members are obliged by law to end Israel\u2019s presence on the territory of Palestine. Period.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The legality of occupation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Palestine\u2019s team was led by the foreign minister and also had legal luminaries such as French scholar in red robes Alain Pellet and veteran US attorney Paul Reichler. Reichler previously represented Nicaragua in one of the court\u2019s landmark cases which found that the US violated international law in using force against Nicaragua. He made a distinction in his arguments between the law that governs occupation - international humanitarian law - and the actual legality of occupation, saying that the benchmark for assessment here was the United Nations Charter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He stated that 35 of the submissions from states dealt with the legality of occupation and only two supported it: US and Fiji. (Not all the submissions have yet been published.) Reichler singled out the United States for much of his critique saying that whatever violations of international law Israel commits, \u201cthe US always seeks to shield it from accountability.\u201d He quoted from Barack Obama 2020 memoirs on how \u201cUS diplomats found themselves in the awkward position of having to defend Israel for actions we ourselves opposed.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"International law requires that this entire illegal enterprise be terminated,\" Reichler said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Racial discrimination and apartheid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Namira Negm, former Egyptian ambassador and former counsel to the African Union, sporting a black and white keffiyeh tucked into her jacket, spoke on the discrimination faced by Palestinians. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Starting from the Nakba of 1948 until now, Israel has adopted discriminatory legislation and measures by which it has established a deeply entrenched system of racial discrimination against Palestinians, subjugating them to Israeli domination and denying their fundamental rights,\u201d she said. Discrimination is \u201cas integral to Israel\u2019s prolonged occupation as is the annexation and colonization of the Palestinian territory.\u201d They \u201cfeed off each other,\" she pleaded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She compared Israel\u2019s policies to the \u201cinstitutionalized racial discrimination and segregation that existed in South Africa\u201d and called on the court to play again the role it had in 1971, concerning apartheid, \u201cto bring about an end to this glaring injustice\u201d and \u201c this illegal situation\u201d and instead \u201cbestow on the Palestinian people the fundamental rights to which they are entitled by international law, yet which they have been so unjustly denied.\" She repeated what UN experts had described as a \u201cvision of 21st-century apartheid\u201d where Israelis and Palestinians travel on segregated roads, \u201ca phenomenon that even apartheid South Africa never knew.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The discrimination is \u201celaborated through laws, military courts, violence, discriminatory zoning and planning, and collective punishment,\u201d she added. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Israel, an abuse of judicial process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the Israeli written submission they say that all the documented evidence from UN special rapporteurs and commissions of inquiry provide only \u201ca clear distortion of the history and present reality of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Contrary to any conception of due process, the Court is asked simply to presume Israeli violations of international law - to accept, as given, plainly biased and flawed assertions directed against Israel alone.\u201d It argues that \u201cthe tendentious questions placed before the Court not only distort the factual reality: they fundamentally misrepresent the legal reality as well\u2026The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is not a cartoon narrative of villain and victim in which there are no Israeli rights and no Palestinian obligations.\u201d The very request for an advisory opinion from the court is, Israel says, \u201ccontrary to the established legal framework governing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and an abuse of international law and the judicial process.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Israel outlines the threat it has faced from the Gaza Strip following its voluntary withdrawal in 2005 with \u201ctens of thousands of rockets\u201d launched against the civilian population and \u201ccalls for the annihilation of the State of Israel.\u201d They point out that \u201cpeacemaking initiatives advanced over many years... scuttled by repeated rejections by the Palestinian leadership itself.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Israel also says the questions as framed fail to appreciate \u201cthe very existence of the Israeli-Palestinian agreements, according to which the two sides have agreed to resolve through direct negotiations precisely the subject-matter placed before the Court, including such issues as the permanent status of the territory, security arrangements, settlements, and borders.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the week, more than fifty states and international organisations will present their arguments to the court, supported by their written submissions. Then it will be up to the judges to rule of one of the most significant cases the court has had before it.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"International<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tIsrael occupation: ICJ goes to the heart of the \u201cpolitical deadlock\u201d\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On the first day of hearings at the International Court of Justice in the Hague on the legality of Israel\u2019s occupation of Palestine, the judges heard from Palestine\u2019s lawyers. They emphasised the international importance of the case, with 55 written interventions from states and international organisations. And they outlined the breadth of the issues facing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":128604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4140],"tags":[2894],"ji_location":[2285,2403],"class_list":["post-128611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-court-of-justice-icj","tag-colonialism","ji_location-israel","ji_location-palestine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nICJ: Palestine\u2019s plea against occupation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On the 1st day of hearings at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality of Israel's occupation of Palestine, the notions of self-determination and apartheid were clearly put forward.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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