{"id":131156,"date":"2024-04-23T11:28:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T09:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=131156"},"modified":"2024-04-23T11:34:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T09:34:18","slug":"chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131156-chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims.html","title":{"rendered":"Chad: coup de th\u00e9\u00e2tre for Habr\u00e9's victims"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On the eve of the presidential election scheduled for May 6, Chad's transitional president Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by has relaunched the reparations process for the victims of former dictator Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9. He has announced the release of over 15 million euros of state funds to compensate more than 10,000 people. Is this meant to turn a page?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Dozens of people wait under hot metal sheeting in the small courtyard before the building of the Association of Victims of Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9's Crimes (AVCHH) in a central district of the Chadian capital N'Djamena. Mahamat Babikir crouches against the wall of the association's headquarters, where it casts a bit of shade. He has been waiting for an hour, despite the 45-degree heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy family is on the list, here's the document. We're just waiting for them to call the right people,\u201d he says. His parents were imprisoned during the regime of Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, who ruled Chad from 1982 to 1990. So like thousands of Chadians, he is eligible for financial aid promised after the former leader\u2019s trial. But no one knows when the compensation will be paid. The crowd waits under the sun. Some grumble, others try to grab an official.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suddenly the association\u2019s president, Adoumbaye Dam Pierre, emerges from his office, preceded by three Chadian army bodyguards, and gets into his vehicle: an appointment awaits him. An old man knocks on the window: \u201cI've come from the south of the country to collect the compensation. I've been waiting in N'Djamena for a month. You've got to do something, Mr. President!\u201d The association president asks why he didn't stay at home, assuring him that the commissions responsible for paying out compensation would be visiting the provinces. He asks him to go back. But at the insistence of the man, whose face is dripping with sweat, he gives this man the mobile number of an official.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This scene, witnessed on Friday April 5, reflects the slow and tedious process of obtaining financial compensation for the victims of Habr\u00e9\u2019s regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eight years without compensation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Two sentences -- in N'Djamena in 2015<\/a> of 24 former agents of Habr\u00e9\u2019s political police, and in Dakar in 2016<\/a> of Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 -- provided for the payment of compensation to his victims: 82 billion CFA francs to be paid by the former president, and 75 billion by his former agents, i.e. a total of 157 billion CFA francs (around 240 million euros).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Activists, lawyers and victims\u2019 associations waited a long time for the decision to be implemented. \u201cAfter Habr\u00e9's trial and conviction, the joy didn\u2019t last long,\u201d explains Cl\u00e9ment Aba\u00effouta, who was arrested by Habr\u00e9\u2019s political police in 1985 and forced to work as a gravedigger during his detention. \u201cWe waited and asked, but nothing came.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Court of Appeal of the Extraordinary African Chambers in Dakar, the special court backed by the African Union (AU) which convicted Habr\u00e9, had planned to set up a \u201cvictims\u2019 compensation fund\u201d, modelled on the existing Trust Fund for Victims at the International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/a>. According to Delphine Djira\u00efbe, one of the victims\u2019 lawyers, this fund was to organize compensation for the victims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But nothing went according to plan. The fund was never really set up, and Habr\u00e9 (the \u201clion of Chad\u201d) died<\/a> without his assets having been sold. Aba\u00effouta, who sits on the fund\u2019s board of directors, asserts that he and the other members \u201cwent around the world lobbying for compensation funds, convincing everyone to participate. Many were ready, but everyone was waiting for Chad to act\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the Dakar trial, an initial contribution from the AU was paid into the fund's bank account, together with the balance of unused money from the trial, for a total of less than 10 billion CFA francs, say the lawyers and Aba\u00effouta. They hoped to get other countries and international organizations to contribute to the reparations once Chad had made its contribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not the right procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nothing happened for eight years. Chad paid not a single franc into the fund\u2019s account. In early 2024, Chad's transitional president Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by, son of former president Idriss D\u00e9by Itno who died in 2021, decided to step up the pace. After meeting with victims\u2019 associations on February 22, he decided that \u201cChad will pay its share\u201d, and announced the payment of 10 billion CFA francs to victims, or just over 15 million euros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was a relief for the victims. They will now be compensated, but not according to the right procedure, regrets Djira\u00efbe, who speaks of a \u201ccoup de th\u00e9\u00e2tre which we learned about on the airwaves\u201d. This is because the money will be paid directly, and not via the dedicated fund. \u201cIf Chad wanted to put money in, it should have been put in the dedicated fund for proper distribution, but that's obviously not the case here,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aba\u00effouta agrees: \u201cIt's all becoming farcical. The president's approach of wanting to pay the money to the victims is to be welcomed,\u201d he says, but \u201cit's not the right approach\u201d. \u201cHas he been badly advised?\u201d Aba\u00effouta asks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only 6% of expected reparations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Out of a total of 157 billion CFA francs in compensation awarded by the courts in the two trials, the Chadian government\u2019s share should be higher. Indeed, the 10 billion announced by the Chadian President represents only 6.3% of the reparations awarded in N\u2019Djamena and Dakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But assembling such a sum is already a headache for Chad, a country under assistance from the International Monetary Fund, with a high risk of over-indebtedness. It is also dependent on foreign aid, notably recent and substantial aid from the United Arab Emirates<\/a>. Relations between N'Djamena and Abu Dhabi are very good indeed: the Chadian President recently visited the Emirates at the invitation of his Emirati counterpart Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The compensation process is steered by the Chadian Ministry of Finance, explains Dam Pierre of AVCHH which is responsible, along with other associations, for making the payments in liaison with the authorities. \u201cThey took the Dakar decision and worked on the lists [of victims] from the trial,\u201d he explains. \u201cThis payment will still bring some relief to the victims, some of whom are dying and getting old.\u201d According to him, a total of 10,700 victims have been identified, and \u201cthe ministry has cut the cake fairly: each will receive 925,241 francs (CFA)\u201d, or around 1,400 euros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Victims dying<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

But what about the \u201cvictims\u2019 compensation fund\u201d set up by the Extraordinary African Chambers in Dakar? \u201cThey never came to N'Djamena,\u201d says an exasperated Dam Pierre. \u201cWhen we met President [D\u00e9by] in February, we told him we had to stop the bleeding, that victims were dying and had received nothing, and he heard our appeal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, he argues, the decision was taken by the National Sovereign and Inclusive Dialogue (DNIS), which took place in Chad in 2022 and officially \u201cdesignated\u201d General Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by Itno as president. Among other recommendations, the DNIS urged the new president to \u201cexecute court rulings on compensation for victims of the regime of former president Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9\u201d and examine \u201cmodalities for the repatriation of the remains\u201d of the latter, who died in Senegal in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A refugee in Senegal after being ousted from power in 1990, Habr\u00e9 was arrested, charged, tried, convicted of crimes against humanity (rape, executions, slavery and kidnapping) and sentenced to life imprisonment. He served his sentence in Senegal, where he succumbed to Covid-19 in August 2021, at the age of 79, and was buried there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt's now up to the other players,\u201d says Dam Pierre, \u201cto do their part and pay up.\u201d But, wonders Aba\u00effouta, will this be the case now that Chad is paying compensation outside the dedicated fund? \u201cTo make the right corrections, you need the right corrector\", he says, meaning in his view the ad hoc fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Repatriating Habr\u00e9's remains?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Payments, which began in March, are proceeding at a snail's pace in the April heat, and are likely to continue for several more weeks, while Chadians go to the polls on May 6 to elect their next president. This presidential election will mark the end of the political transition begun after the death of President Idriss D\u00e9by Itno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHabr\u00e9's family is still very present in Chadian politics, they have influence, they are pushing for his remains to be returned and for us to stop all this talk of compensation, and the Palace doesn't want to alienate them,\u201d says an executive from a political party supporting the ruling MPS, speaking on condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gondeu Ladiba, an anthropologist at the University of N'Djamena, notes that \u201cthis compensation issue has become very political\u201d. \u201cThe regime needed to be able to say that the son is not the father, and that the current president wants to purge the past so as to be able to start on a new footing, including with those close to Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9.\u201d He thinks the payment of 10 billion CFA francs is a way for N\u2019Djamena to \u201cturn the page on compensation\u201d and open the door to the return of Habr\u00e9's remains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is no question that this payment will mark the end of the story for the victims,\u201d insists Aba\u00effouta, who has since become a deputy on the National Transition Council. \u201cThis trial, these victims, are my whole life. I can't have worked for 33 years for it to end like this, for all our efforts to result in nothing.\u201d And he promises that he will continue to fight so that finally the victims receive the money that is due to them, in full.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"In<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tChad\u2019s president promises to compensate Habr\u00e9 victims\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On the eve of the presidential election scheduled for May 6, Chad's transitional president Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by has relaunched the reparations process for the victims of former dictator Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9. He has announced the release of over 15 million euros of state funds to compensate more than 10,000 people. Is this meant to turn a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":131141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566,544],"tags":[2803],"ji_location":[2167],"class_list":["post-131156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","category-reparations","tag-hissene-habre-en","ji_location-chad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChad: coup de th\u00e9\u00e2tre for Habr\u00e9's victims<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"15 million euros to compensate more than 10,000 victims of the former dictator Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9: this was announced by Chad's transitional president Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by, just a few days before the presidential elections. 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But why?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131156-chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131156-chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131156-chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Chad_president-Mahamat-Idriss-Deby_@AFP.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Chad_president-Mahamat-Idriss-Deby_@AFP.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"Mahamat Idriss Deby greets his supporters on March 2, at a party meeting in N'Djamena, Chad, in support of his candidacy for the May 6 presidential election. Having unlocked financial compensation for the victims of Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, he also spoke of repatriating the remains of the former dictator, who died in Senegal after being convicted of crimes against humanity. Photo : \u00a9 AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131156-chad-coup-theatre-habre-victims.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chad: coup de th\u00e9\u00e2tre for Habr\u00e9's victims"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Amaury Hauchard","url":"\/en\/?s=Amaury Hauchard"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/122"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131156"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131163,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131156\/revisions\/131163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131156"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=131156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}