{"id":132997,"date":"2024-06-10T11:35:18","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T09:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=132997"},"modified":"2024-06-10T16:16:23","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T14:16:23","slug":"pascal-hamenyimana-timid-reintegration-former-genocidaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/132997-pascal-hamenyimana-timid-reintegration-former-genocidaire.html","title":{"rendered":"Pascal Hamenyimana and the timid reintegration of a former \u201cg\u00e9nocidaire\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Back in his village after serving a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in genocide, ex-convict Pascal Hamenyimana is gradually returning to a normal life, thanks to the welcome, the moral and financial support of several survivors, who have offered him shelter and a means of subsistence. Together, they plan to launch an agricultural cooperative of survivors and former \u201cgenocidaires\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

After a two-and-a-half-hour drive from Kigali and a 30-minute climb up the Gacaca hill in Karongi district, we arrive sweating and out of breath in Remera, Pascal Hamenyimana\u2019s village. Remera is one of those hills in western Rwanda whose peaks seem to caress the sky with its heavy grey clouds racing towards their favourite spilling out places, the steep lands of the Congo-Nile ridge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All at once, as a welcome on this late April afternoon, the sun\u2019s rays start peeping through the clouds, creating a spectacle of changing colours in the sky and, intermittently, on the ground. It was here, in this lush setting, that Hamenyimana was born, raised and took part in the genocide against the Tutsis in 1994<\/a>. And it was here that, after 15 years in prison, the 53-year-old father returned a year ago to try to reintegrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFreedom is precious. I\u2019m happy to have regained it and to be back in the community,\u201d he confides shyly, \u201cbut I am also bewildered by the generosity genocide survivors have shown to me despite my past.\u201d At the height of the genocide, he recalls with remorse and regret, from every point in the village \u201cyou could observe on Gakomeye hill opposite the movements of the Tutsis to be killed and the houses to be looted.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aged 22 at the time, the young Hutu found himself involved in looting and massacres, including the murder in May 1994 of neighbour Michel Ndibyariye, a farmer in his sixties, married with children and grandchildren. All were killed: the family was considered wiped out; in the Karongi district, some 2,850 families are considered wiped out. Before the gacaca courts, Hamenyimana pleaded guilty to the man\u2019s death and was sentenced to community service. On appeal, however, Hamenyimana\u2019s guilty plea was rejected, and in 2008 he was sentenced to 15 years\u2019 imprisonment for complicity in genocide. On May 9, 2023, he was released and returned to his village. \u201cI was scared and anxious, because I didn\u2019t know what was waiting for me here,\u201d Hamenyimana admits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI cried like a child\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sitting on his sturdy, well-polished eucalyptus chair, Hamenyimana doesn\u2019t know where to put his eyes, his hands or his arms. At times, his legs wobble and his feet move back and forth between the floor and the chair supports, as if avoiding danger. His body language and facial movements reflect the discomfort and difficulties he is experiencing -- outward signs of an inner malaise that could just as well be explained by his past as a \u201cgenocidaire\u201d or his situation of extreme poverty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou see, if I have decent shelter, the rest will take care of itself,\u201d he at last stammers with a furtive glance at his little adobe brick house, with its cracked walls and rusty corrugated iron sheets that give a glimpse of the sky and let in the rain. Sometime before his release, a section of this house collapsed following flooding, and his family deserted it. So, after 15 years in prison, Hamenyimana came home to ruins and the silence of an absent family. \u201cI cried like a child,\u201d he says, still moved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For seven months, survivor Emmanuel Niyitegeka, the nephew of his victim, took him in and housed him while he waited for his own house to be more or less repaired. \u201cWhen he reached out to me and helped me, it really touched me,\u201d he confides. \u201cAnd the more I think about it, the more I sink into regret and remorse, thinking that 30 years ago we lacked heart and humanity towards them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u201ccow of reconciliation\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To get to Hamenyimana\u2019s house, a narrow path winds through the fields, skirting the steep hillside in places. All around the winding path are scrawny banana plants resembling stalks of overgrown grass around his house, which looks from a distance like a beehive in a tree with bushy branches awaiting its bee population. Here and elsewhere in Remera, the soil is so eroded that terraces have had to be built to retain arable soil and humus. On Hamenyimana\u2019s property, a plot of less than one hectare, bushy hedges provide solid support for these terraces, but also and above all feed their cow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Installed in a small makeshift barn, a beautiful brindle cow chews the cud and lows from time to time, as if to remind us that she still needs a bit of grass. \u201cShe\u2019s three months pregnant and I\u2019m praying that she\u2019ll give us a heifer,\u201d explains Hamenyimana\u2019s wife Cl\u00e9mentine Nyirahabineza. This cow was also given to them on loan by another survivor, Ez\u00e9chiel Nkurikiyimana, to help improve their living conditions. Under the terms of their agreement, the second heifer will belong to Hamenyimana\u2019s family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was out of compassion that I thought of this family, which was large and malnourished with land that wasn\u2019t very fertile,\u201d says Hamenyimana\u2019s neighbour Nkurikiyimana, a genocide survivor. \u201cWe gave them this cow on loan, so that they could have milk and manure.\u201d He sees it as \u201cthe cow of reconciliation\u201d. The initiative comes from the victims, because \u201ceveryone needs to live in peace with their neighbour, no matter who took the first step\u201d, he explains, before adding: \u201cEven if they killed our people, today their families also bear the after-effects. Perhaps what we\u2019re doing will help them recover the humanity they lost with the genocide.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pascal
Pascal Hamenyimana and his wife Cl\u00e9mentine Nyirahabineza feed the \u201ccow of reconciliation\u201d, lent to them by Ez\u00e9chiel Nkurikiyimana, a neighbour who survived the genocide. Photo: \u00a9 Emmannuel Sehene Ruvugiro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Back to ordinary rural life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hamenyimana\u2019s day is now organized. It begins at dawn with the care of the cow, followed by work in the fields and socialization in the evening. It\u2019s not like when he was in prison, where he preferred to rest, getting up only for morning porridge and the evening meal, while his fellow inmates went to work outside and others learned trades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He says he was \u201ctoo old to learn trades\u201d like carpentry, masonry and shoemaking. But his wife, who has known him since elementary school, scoffs, reminding him that \u201ceven people older than him are now benefiting from what they learned in prison\u201d. She avoids telling him, she confides afterwards, that it\u2019s rather down to laziness and especially because he had not accepted his conviction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In prison Hamenyimana boycotted apprenticeship for a long time, before giving in to his wife\u2019s \u201cpestering\u201d to learn basket weaving, a trade he calls a \u201cwomen\u2019s trade\u201d. For the ex-convict, the obstacles are still numerous. \u201cI have nothing that can serve as a springboard for economic reintegration, such as a solid roof for my family and a trade to make an income,\u201d he complains. But his wife has not given up hope of getting him into basket-weaving. \u201cI\u2019m going to gather everything he needs and make it available to him,\u201d she says. \u201cHe\u2019ll end up weaving, and I\u2019ll sell the product myself at the market.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wife makes first gesture towards survivors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After her husband\u2019s imprisonment, Cl\u00e9mentine Nyirahabineza lived in extreme poverty, with a small plot of land, a thatched cottage and six children on her hands. She also bore the burden of repayment for the property her husband had looted or destroyed during the genocide. \u201cNo one can know or understand what I went through,\u201d she confesses. \u201cAt the height of my malaise and despair I came to think that I would not have married him if I had known about his past in relation to the genocide.\u201d But this woman who describes herself as a \u201cwarrior\u201d has not given up. Throughout her husband\u2019s imprisonment, Nyirahabineza worked in the fields, renting land to cultivate. The produce from this fed the family and gave her a little money for him in prison. She also ran a small vegetable business. Today, aged 53 like her husband, she continues these activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyirahabineza took the first step towards the survivors to tackle the problem of restituting property looted or destroyed by her husband. Given her living conditions and her sincerity, they agreed to negotiate a discounted payment. Her regular contact with them and her outspokenness paved the way for a rapprochement with her family. When she was baptized, it was the daughter-in-law of her husband\u2019s victim who became her godmother. It was this same family who offered them land to farm and a home when their house was destroyed by the rains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Socially accepted by the whole village<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Upon his release, Hamenyimana was afraid of two things: his place in his own family and the reception he would receive from genocide survivors. But, he says with his face relaxed and jovial, \u201cI was touched by my wife\u2019s fidelity, unlike many others who had children while their spouses were in prison for so long\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Did he talk to their six children about his situation? No, he admits, but their mother explained everything to them. The youngest, aged 18, still lives with them. The others \u2013 the eldest of whom is 30 \u2013 \u201cget by here and there\u201d. Nevertheless, there are muted recriminations. One of them, Fran\u00e7ois, said to her: \u201cIf we haven\u2019t all studied, it\u2019s because of our father\u2019s absence\u201d. But they all come to see their parents regularly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything seems to indicate that the groundwork has been laid for successful social reintegration. \u201cThe community is fully involved in welcoming me, and the administrative authorities were quick to help me obtain a national identity card,\u201d says Hamenyimana. \u201cI take part in everything\u201d in terms of public life, he adds, \u201cincluding community work and meetings, but above all, during this 30th commemoration of the genocide against the Tutsis<\/a>, commemorations plus discussions, exchanges and testimonies relating to the genocide\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And to his astonishment, \u201cthe survivors have welcomed me, giving me what little they have - a thousand francs or two - to support my reintegration. It reminds me of the good old days before the genocide, when we lived in harmony.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t

AN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE OF SURVIVORS AND EX-\u201cG\u00c9NOCIDAIRES\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

As in the past, the Nyakagezi stream, which unites them more than it separates them, continues to flow between the two hills. \u201cIf the hills of Remera and Gakomeye still live together, why can\u2019t we?\u201d asks Pascal Hamenyimana. Yet he recalls that in 1994 Remera, which had almost no Tutsis, massacred those of Gakomeye, where today only ruins and rare survivors can be seen.<\/p>\n

Among the latter is Ez\u00e9chiel Nkurikiyimana, who gave him a cow. Paradoxically, it is these survivors that the ex-convict is counting on to set up his agricultural cooperative project between survivors and former \u201cgenocidaires\u201d. The aim is to kill two birds with one stone: boost reconciliation and lift people out of poverty. And this cooperative, supported by his wife Cl\u00e9mentine who is already hard at work promoting it, is already arousing enthusiasm among at least two survivors, Nkurikiyimana and Emmanuel Niyitegeka, the nephew of a man killed by Hamenyimana during the genocide.<\/p>\n

\u201cI subscribe to this idea that, at the end of the day it leads to reconciliation,\u201d confides Niyitegeka. For this local leader of the Adventist church, the lesson is that \u201cwealth is acquired through work, not through crime and treachery, otherwise it disappears like smoke, as it did during the genocide\u201d. Like Nkurikiyimana, he and his family are ready to join Hamenyimana\u2019s cooperative.<\/p>\n

On the strength of this support, Hamenyimana says he has already contacted three of his former fellow prisoners. Their agricultural cooperative is due to start operations in a field rented by his victim\u2019s nephew. But his big dream, he says, is to then cultivate the fields and banks by the Nyakagezi stream, \u201csymbolic for our communities\u201d. \u201cIt is there forever and, like the stream, we want our cohesion to last.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pascal Hamenyimana near the source of the Nyakagezi stream, an age-old symbol of unity between the villages of Remera and Gakomeye, separated by the 1994 genocide. Photo : \u00a9 Emmannuel Sehene Ruvugiro<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"In<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tMayunzwe remembers the \"Calvary\" of the Tutsis\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Back in his village after serving a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in genocide, ex-convict Pascal Hamenyimana is gradually returning to a normal life, thanks to the welcome, the moral and financial support of several survivors, who have offered him shelter and a means of subsistence. Together, they plan to launch an agricultural cooperative of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":96,"featured_media":132957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[543,3717],"tags":[2635],"ji_location":[2431],"class_list":["post-132997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reconciliation","category-reports","tag-genocide-2","ji_location-rwanda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe timid reintegration of a former "genocidaire" in Rwanda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Back in his village after serving a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in genocide, ex-convict Pascal Hamenyimana is gradually returning to a normal life, thanks to the welcome, the moral and financial support of several survivors.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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reintegration of a former \"genocidaire\" in Rwanda","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/132997-pascal-hamenyimana-timid-reintegration-former-genocidaire.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/132997-pascal-hamenyimana-timid-reintegration-former-genocidaire.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rwanda_Pascal-Hamenyimana-Remera-reintegration-reconciliation_@Emmannuel-Sehene-Ruvugiro.jpg","datePublished":"2024-06-10T09:35:18+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-10T14:16:23+00:00","description":"Back in his village after serving a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in genocide, ex-convict Pascal Hamenyimana is gradually returning to a normal life, thanks to the welcome, the moral and financial support of several 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