{"id":137233,"date":"2024-10-18T12:05:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T10:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=137233"},"modified":"2024-10-18T12:05:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T10:05:30","slug":"guantanamo-torture-legacy-abuse-still-haunts-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/137233-guantanamo-torture-legacy-abuse-still-haunts-america.html","title":{"rendered":"Guant\u00e1namo: legacy of torture and abuse still haunts America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, candidates for the US presidential elections on November 5, have been silent so far on what they would do about Guant\u00e1namo. Many have called for the closing down of this US military prison on Cuba, known as a place of systemic torture and denial of fundamental rights. \u201cUS double standards in not accepting the international rule of law erodes the enforcement of the law everywhere,\u201d says the UN.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u201cA reckoning is long overdue. US double standards in not accepting the international rule of law erodes the enforcement of the law everywhere and undermines the credibility and legitimacy of the global order designed to protect all humanity,\u201d said Ben Saul, UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and countering terrorism, in a press release<\/a> on September 11 this year, anniversary of the 9\/11 attacks in New York and Washington by Al-Qaeda in 2001. He was referring to the situation in the US military prison at Guantanamo Bay, on the island of Cuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two-thirds of the original Guant\u00e1namo detainees were clearly not charged with anything<\/a>, and were recommended for transfer to third countries. According to Saul in his press release, \u201cmany of the approximately 741 people released from detention at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, including foreign nationals resettled in 29 third countries, faced acute vulnerabilities and have not had adequate, sustained support to recover from the trauma suffered from torture and protracted, inhumane detention. Some were arbitrarily detained, tortured, or were abusively charged with crimes upon arrival in other countries\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thirty detainees remain<\/a> in the Guant\u00e1namo prison. In August, the current administration of outgoing US President Joe Biden reneged on a previously agreed plea deal<\/a> in which three defendants in Guant\u00e1namo accused of participating in the preparation of the 9\/11 attacks agreed to plead guilty to the conspiracy charges against them in exchange for a life sentence, instead of a potential death sentence.\u00a0This U-turn was apparently because of pressure from families of 9\/11 victims and members of the Republican Party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Saul, the conditions of detention for the remaining 30 detainees in Guant\u00e1namo \u201cdo not appear to meet international standards, including in relation to medical care, torture and trauma rehabilitation, access to lawyers, and family visitation\u201d. He added that \u201csixteen of the remaining detainees have been cleared for release and await resettlement abroad, after decades in detention without charge\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Nashiri: tortured and detained 22 years without trial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sylvain Savolainen, a Swiss lawyer for Guant\u00e1namo detainee Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, describes the torture inflicted on his client: \u201cAs well as waterboarding, the torture meant: simulated executions; the notorious rectal feeding \u2013 it is in fact rape via the anus; being suspended naked in the basement with his wrists tied behind his back, to the point that his shoulder was dislocated; having his head hit against the walls; depriving him of sleep for more than ten days; and putting him in a box where he did not have enough room to place his feet -- he had to be on tiptoe in a black box with insects.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Savolainen points out, these \u201cenhanced interrogation techniques\u201d have been extensively documented by UN and European human rights bodies and also by public, credible sources in the US itself, notably a December 2014 Senate intelligence committee report<\/a> into CIA interrogation techniques post-9\/11. The torture is described in a November 2022 Opinion of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention<\/a>, which said al-Nashiri should be immediately released and compensated for the grave psychological and physical torture he has suffered. That decision is addressed not only to the US but also governments of other countries where he was abused. They include Lithuania, Morocco, Poland, Romania and Thailand, where he is reported to have been tortured at CIA \u201cblack sites\u201d under George W. Bush\u2019s so-called \u201crenditions\u201d policy from 2002 to 2006. He was transferred to the Guant\u00e1namo Bay US military prison in 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Nashiri, a Saudi Arabian citizen the US suspects of masterminding the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole in which 17 US Navy sailors were killed and 37 injured, was captured in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in November 2002. He is charged in connection with the USS Cole bombing and has been in pre-trial hearings before a US military court in Guant\u00e1namo for 13 years. Savolainen is working with a group of lawyers to bring his case for release and reparation before UN and European human rights bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is no justice\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In August 2023, the military court in Guant\u00e1namo threw out evidence<\/a> against al-Nashiri obtained under torture. This decision came not long after the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention\u2019s Opinion was made public and a damning report by former UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and counter-terrorism Fionnuala N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in<\/a>, who was allowed by the Biden administration to visit Guant\u00e1namo. She concluded that the US policy of torture remains the greatest obstacle to justice for both 9\/11 victims and alleged perpetrators in Guant\u00e1namo. \u201cThe totality of these practices and omissions have cumulative, compounding effects on detainees\u2019 dignity and fundamental rights, and amounts to ongoing cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment,\u201d she concluded. \u201cClosure of the facility remains a priority.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in\u2019s report says that \u201cnine men involved in the military commission [Guant\u00e1namo military court] process are still in the pre-trial phase after experiencing countless delays\u201d. She further pointed to \u201cfundamental fair trial and due process deficiencies in the military commission system\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savolainen thinks the US military court \u201cis no justice\u201d. \u201cFair justice is no longer possible,\u201d he told Justice Info. \u201cA trial is no longer possible, that\u2019s what the decision [of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention] says, because the effects of torture on the individual are so violent. That is why \u2013 and the UN says so \u2013 he should be freed immediately.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This echoes the findings of N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in, who concluded that, given the effects of torture and prolonged violation of their rights, \u201cit is highly unlikely that any detainee can effectively assist with and participate in their own defence\u201d. She reiterates the call of UN and other human rights bodies that the remaining detainees in Guant\u00e1namo be released and compensated for the abuses they have suffered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abu Zubaydah: tortured and held indefinitely without charge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abu Zubaydah, a Palestinian citizen born in Saudi Arabia, was the CIA\u2019s first detainee post-9\/11. Captured in Pakistan in 2022, he was held at various CIA black sites and transferred in 2006 to Guant\u00e1namo. He has never been charged but, unlike 16 other current detainees, he has not been cleared for transfer to a third country. Reports of his extreme torture under \u201cenhanced interrogation techniques\u201d are similar to those concerning al-Nashiri. Hannah Garry, a US lawyer helping to represent Abu Zubaydah before UN and other human rights and justice bodies, says her client has suffered \u201chorrific physical and psychological damage\u201d as a result of his prolonged arbitrary detention and torture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention says, in an Opinion released in April 2023<\/a>, that \u201ctaking into account all the circumstances of the case, the appropriate remedy would be to release Mr. Zubaydah immediately and accord him an enforceable right to compensation and other reparations, in accordance with international law\u201d. The US initially suspected him of being a key terrorist threat and a \u201cmember of Usama bin Laden\u2019s inner circle\u201d, but the UN working group says \u201cthese assertions were allegedly based on torture-induced information, which was recanted in 2002\u201d. Its report also points out that \u201cin February 2008, the Government of the United States conceded that Mr. Zubaydah was not a member of Al-Qaida. In 2017, he was removed from the Al-Qaida sanctions list. Despite the basis for his detention having been discredited, the Government continues to assert its right to detain him indefinitely\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So how is it possible to continue detaining him? \u201cIt\u2019s under an interpretation of US law on authorization and use of military force if he has been detained and determined to be \u2013 which he was \u2013 an enemy combatant,\u201d Garry told Justice Info. \u201cI am not saying this is a right interpretation. This is their interpretation that as long as there\u2019s an ongoing security threat in this ongoing \u2018war\u2019 \u2013 quote, unquote \u2013 there is a right to hold him indefinitely.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She says his lawyers have been contacting countries that would potentially be willing to host him if he is cleared for transfer. But this is not easy in the current context of the Middle East conflict. The US stalled the planned transfer<\/a> of 11 Yemeni detainees to Oman after the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7 last year. The war in Gaza, in which Yemen\u2019s Houthis have also become involved, has raised concerns about security not only of detainees but also the US, says Garry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pushing for justice and reparations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lawyers for Guant\u00e1namo detainees have brought many cases before UN and European human rights bodies. These include UN Special Rapporteurs, the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights<\/a> (ECHR). The ECHR has issued rulings<\/a> against European countries like Poland<\/a>, Romania and Lithuania that hosted US \u201cblack sites\u201d where detainees were subjected to CIA torture. Some detainees have also been recognized as torture victims before the International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/a> in the Afghanistan situation<\/a>, including al-Nashiri and Abu Zubaydah, according to their lawyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the UK, there is a related case ongoing before the Investigatory Powers Tribunal<\/a>. The UK is accused of complicity in the US renditions and torture. This is also raised in the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention\u2019s Opinion concerning Abu Zubaydah. \u201cIn a 2010 United Nations joint study, the United Kingdom was identified as a State complicit in the extraordinary rendition programme that knowingly took advantage of it,\u201d it says. \u201cThe Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament (United Kingdom) found, in 2018, that the Government had sent questions to interrogators and received intelligence obtained from detainees who the authorities knew or should have known had been mistreated.\u201d In addition, \u201ca report of the European Parliament cites 170 stopovers by aircraft operated by the Central Intelligence Agency at airports in the United Kingdom\u201d taking detainees to rendition sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawyers are pushing for their clients to be released and granted reparations, as many human rights bodies have recommended. Reparations, according to Garry, should include \u201call of the possible reparations for effective remedy under international law\u201d. She cites the right to truth, with investigations and transparency about what happened; apology; release from detention; compensation for torture, rehabilitation and medical care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is also a push for the US perpetrators of torture to be brought to justice. The UN Working Group in its decision relating to al-Nashiri concluded in particular by urging governments to ensure a full and independent investigation and take appropriate measures against those responsible for the violation of al-Nashiri\u2019s rights. The investigations of the ICC in the Afghanistan<\/a> situation aim for the same as regards US military personnel and medics who authorized and carried out torture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s next?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe know what Trump\u2019s position on Guant\u00e1namo has been under his previous administration. There are no plans to close it down for sure, and the plans are to keep it open as this sort of no-man\u2019s land, a kind of lawless place for holding the \u2018bad guys\u2019,\u201d says US lawyer Garry. \u201cWith Harris, I think it\u2019s very tricky for her with all of what\u2019s happened with Gaza and given the polarized state of the US population at the moment between the two parties. My sense is it\u2019s a no-win situation to even bring it up.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But both Garry and Savolainen agree the Biden-Harris government, while failing to close Guant\u00e1namo, have made progress on freeing detainees. They also point to the administration\u2019s invitation to former UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and counterterrorism N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in to visit the Guant\u00e1namo Bay prison, which N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in also hailed as courageous. They say closing Guant\u00e1namo should be a priority for the next US administration, not only for the sake of the detainees but also US credibility on human rights and upholding international law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s an extremely difficult process with the release,\u201d says Garry, \u201cand it\u2019s unfortunately a self-inflicted wound by the US government. I think it is imperative that the US government move forward on rehabilitating its record with regard to torture, releasing the detainees and just acknowledging and apologizing for what they have done.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savolainen agrees: \u201cIf Guant\u00e1namo were a judicially legitimate institution there would be no need to close it. They want to close it because they are aware of the problem it represents, notably with regard to US credibility with interlocutors like China, Russia and others when human rights are discussed. It happens regularly that when human rights issues are raised, the US is told you have no credibility on this, close Guant\u00e1namo and then come and talk to us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tGuantanamo: Into the heart of a judicial Frankenstein\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, candidates for the US presidential elections on November 5, have been silent so far on what they would do about Guant\u00e1namo. Many have called for the closing down of this US military prison on Cuba, known as a place of systemic torture and denial of fundamental rights. \u201cUS double standards […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":137221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566],"tags":[2840,3935,2640],"ji_location":[2539],"class_list":["post-137233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","tag-guantanamo-en","tag-human-rights","tag-torture-en","ji_location-united-states"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGuant\u00e1namo: torture and the denial of rights still haunt America<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Guant\u00e1namo. 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Many have called for the closing down of this US military prison on Cuba, known as a place of systemic torture and denial of fundamental rights. \u201cUS double standards in not accepting the international rule of law erodes the enforcement of the law everywhere,\u201d says the UN.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/137233-guantanamo-torture-legacy-abuse-still-haunts-america.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/137233-guantanamo-torture-legacy-abuse-still-haunts-america.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/137233-guantanamo-torture-legacy-abuse-still-haunts-america.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/USA_Guantanamo-prison-detainee_@Roberto-Schmidt-AFP.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/USA_Guantanamo-prison-detainee_@Roberto-Schmidt-AFP.jpg","width":1200,"height":873,"caption":"A detainee at Guant\u00e1namo, January 2002. 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