{"id":141541,"date":"2025-02-13T11:52:51","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T10:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=141541"},"modified":"2025-02-13T13:46:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T12:46:18","slug":"repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html","title":{"rendered":"Repairing violence within the Church: \u201cIt\u2019s going to take time\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

France\u2019s Recognition and Reparation Commission (CRR) for alleged sexual violence committed by members of religious institutions, created in October 2021, is taking stock of three years of work. While the number of cases handled remains below 500 out of more than 300,000 estimated victims, a first report has been published describing this unprecedented approach of restorative justice.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u201cI\u2019d like to start with the criticisms we\u2019ve received and which we have carefully analysed,\u201d said former judge and Recognition and Reparation Commission (CRR) president Antoine Garapon<\/a>, who has chosen to echo a newly published report at a one-day review meeting on December 12, 2024 at the Facult\u00e9s Loyola in Paris. He was speaking to some 150 people at the event to address criticisms \u201cof this unique restorative justice<\/a> experience\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CRR was created as an association on October 26, 2021, by a vote of the General Assembly of the Conf\u00e9rence des religieux et religieuses de France (CORREF). The time had come for individualized reparations as recommended by the Independent Commission on Sexual Abuse (CIASE). In a damning report<\/a>, CIASE had given the figure of 330,000 victims of sexual abuse by members of the clergy and laity working in Church institutions between 1950 and 2020. The CRR was set up in response to this need for restorative justice for men and women who have been victims of sexual violence<\/a> committed by members of religious congregations in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2022 and 2024, 1,027 people effectively referred cases to the CRR, but it issued only 475 financial recommendations. \u201cThe discrepancy can be explained by suspended cases (due to legal action), people wishing to testify without financial reparation, and cases that have lasted a long time due either to the victim or the congregation,\u201d explains Anne de Ricoeur, the Commission\u2019s head of operations. \u201cBetween when the case is referred and a recommendation issued, support to the victim lasts an average eight to 15 months, taking the time the victim needs. In some cases, it can take up to two years,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cases involving priests affiliated to a diocese of the Catholic Church and not to a congregation are deemed inadmissible. These cases are transferred to the Instance nationale ind\u00e9pendante de reconnaissance et r\u00e9paration (INIRR) without the victim having to make a new referral. The CRR does not deal with non-sexual abuses, those committed by communities or associations that are not members of CORREF, by lay people working in the Church, or by members of foreign congregations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.4 million euros paid to victims<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In three years, out of the 70% of referrals where the CRR was competent, the 25 commissioners have listened to hundreds of victims. At the end of each interview, a questionnaire is given to those interviewed, with a view to assessing repercussions, requesting reparations and proposing the amount of financial compensation. Their case is then studied by the CRR, which issues financial and other recommendations for the congregations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between October 2021 and December 2024, 16.4 million euros were paid out to victims, with the average compensation recommendation being 34,500 euros. \u201cThe ceiling of 60,000 euros is perhaps a little low,\u201d says Garapon<\/a>. \u201cBut I wanted the system to be sustainable. Some victims don\u2019t ask for money because they feel it would \u2018confuse their approach\u2019, but financial reparation is generally unavoidable. \u201cIt allows you to see the seriousness of what happened to you, and that\u2019s very important. In reality, an unwanted kiss is certainly an aggression but it is not the same as a 10-year-old boy being sodomized. We have nevertheless found that there is very deep damage done to a man or woman who has \u2018just\u2019 been kissed against their will in a monastery, for example.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delphine Griveaud, author of a thesis (2016-2022) on restorative justice practices in France, believes that the CRR is breaking new ground. \u201cIt is the first restorative justice instance where there is symbolic but also material reparation,\u201d she says. \u201cThis is not done in restorative mediations controlled by the judicial authority.\u201d Since restorative justice was included in French law in 2014, it has developed in the criminal field through various practices (mediations, meetings between prisoners and victims, restorative or support circles).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After listening, symbolic reparations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the CRR\u2019s restorative process, so-called \u201csymbolic\u201d reparations supplement the money paid to victims, for example: receiving a letter from the congregation in which the abuse is acknowledged; planting a tree at the scene of the tragedy; exchanging gifts between the congregation and the victim; or attending memorial days or acts. A writing workshop was also organized, and a first-of-its-kind book, \u201cQuand le diable a rev\u00eatu l'habit\u201d (\u201cWhen the Devil Wore the Habit\u201d) was published, written by eleven victims bearing witness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe most desired reparation is to meet a member of the congregation, to say or retell what happened, face to face. Victims want a kind of physical, almost sensory recognition -- to be looked at, to be told 'I believe you, the aggressor did exist, he did you harm'. It\u2019s a very powerful moment,\u201d says V\u00e9ronique Le Goaziou, a sociologist specializing in delinquency and sexual violence. In 2023, she was contacted by the CRR, \u201cto study, with the eye of an outsider, what the commission was doing\u201d. \u201cThey needed someone who wasn\u2019t from the CRR, nor from the religious world, but who was familiar with the issue of sexual violence,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her report<\/a> \u201cRepairing Victims\u201d, financed by the CRR and published in December 2024, reports on the perceptions and feelings of victims who have passed through the commission. This sociologist studied several hundred victims\u2019 files. \u201cWith a doctoral colleague, we then conducted 55 interviews, asking three questions: before going to the CRR, where did you stand in relation to the violence you suffered - by which I mean had you already spoken about it? How would you describe the CRR process? And how was this experience for you?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triple impact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le Goaziou says she was struck by \u201cthe unanimity of opinion on the benefits of the approach\u201d, having expected \u201cmuch more criticism and possibly some acerbic comments or disappointment\u201d. She acknowledges that some victims pointed to limitations, but \u201cnone of the 55 people consulted questioned the restorative justice approach or the existence of the CRR\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In her report, she stresses that most panel members \u201cfelt a strong sense of empathy from the commissioners [...], sensitivity, kindness, thoughtfulness, patience and gentleness, which gave them an incredible sense of well-being and contrasted with the coldness and harshness of those involved in the Church or their entourage\u201d. People also stressed the importance of listening, as this victim testifies: \u201cIt was the first time I\u2019d spoken about it; I wasn't sure who I was sending the e-mail to, whether they were going to take me seriously, and I had no idea where I was going.\u201d But this victim\u2019s word \u201chas never been denigrated, questioned or challenged\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sociologist also analyses the positive impact of the spoken word, not only that of the victims who testify and are listened to, but also that of the commissioners. \u201cThe commissioners\u2019 \u2018I believe you\u2019 has a triple impact. It acknowledges the facts and attests that they did indeed take place [...]. It also attests to the seriousness of the acts committed, which is based less on their nature than their effects, and [...] finally, it attests that the victim is not the guilty party.\u201d Overall, the approach is considered rigorous, \u201cwith a starting and an end point\u201d, notes Le Goaziou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe CRR recipe\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The report does, however, devote a space to criticisms, particularly from the first victims who went to the CRR: \u201cThere was a lot of waiting, little or no feedback, confusion, a lack of information on the system, a single person of reference and not two as had been announced. Some victims had the impression that they were being used as guinea pigs, and this trial and error could have been felt as an aggression for them. If we had to do it again, say some panel members, we should only open such a body if we are sure we can meet the needs of the people who asked for it. We should be ready.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cI accept this lack of preparation,\u201d Garapon said publicly on December 12. \u201cIt was a period of finding focus, which is bad when dealing with human destinies, but it was necessary to develop instruments, in particular to define a scale of financial reparations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With regard to this, the report says some considered the amount \u201ctoo low\u201d. \u201cIt is too symbolic a sum, in their eyes, which is not commensurate with the acts suffered or the difficulties endured.\u201d Lastly, a large number of the victims interviewed stressed the ordeal represented by the CRR: \u201cit weighs on you and it\u2019s tiring\u201d, \u201cit gets you in the guts from start to finish\u201d, \u201cit\u2019s a cross to bear\u201d. For the commissioners, who are new to restorative justice, the experience is also hard. While they all share the view that \u201csexual violence committed in the Church is a massive phenomenon, to which the institution has too often responded with silence and denial\u201d, the sociologist points out that the approach towards victims \u201cis not set in stone, and the members of the CRR are debating it\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All share the feeling of participating in a \u201cunique [...] experience that is evolving and can be improved\u201d, writes Le Goaziou. \u201cWe\u2019re creating something that doesn\u2019t yet exist,\u201d says one commissioner. \u201cWe should admit that it\u2019s trial and error and the concepts aren\u2019t very precise,\u201d adds another. \u201cIt is possible that we\u2019re inventing a new practice or even a new profession,\u201d declares a third, meaning restorative or reparative justice but \u201cto the CRR recipe\u201d, as one of them concludes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the sociologist, this \u201cCRR recipe\u201d means the approach is inseparable from those who put it into practice, like its president Garapon, \u201cwho feeds the group with his ability to conceptualize and value the supportive approach and, in so doing, maintain the desire to get involved\u201d. According to Griveaud, \u201cthe CRR is fully committed to focusing its work on the victim. It takes this blend of justice and care one step further, and this is something worth observing over time\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The number of referrals has fallen steadily<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Former children\u2019s judge Garapon\u2019s philosophical reflections have in fact enabled the CRR to present \u201cguiding principles for restorative justice in cases of sexual violence\u201d. These include working to provide a just response, engaging the responsible authority as a partner in justice for victims, choosing an independent third party, defining a precise framework and mission with the victim at the centre, and imagining various forms of reparation. \u201cWe haven\u2019t done everything right,\u201d Garapon concedes, \u201cbut I can see how we can continue and do it right. In the end, very different people have managed to work together, the vast majority of congregations have played the game and the feedback from victims is that, overall, there is a before and an after the CRR. So it works.\u201d The report notes a feeling shared by victims, with rare exceptions, of \u201ca weight lifted\u201d, a burden that has been laid down, a change in emotional state and an overall feeling of appeasement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Garapon is disappointed the commission has not been able to reach more people. The number of referrals to the CRR has fallen steadily over the past three years. In 2022, 604 people referred cases to the commission, 230 in 2023 and 193 in 2024. This past year, the average was 16 referrals per month, and since September, 12.5, \u201cit's very enigmatic\u201d, he notes. \u201cThere are a lot of people who were waiting for this commission to exist. It\u2019s probably those who were full of resentment who came first.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNow, we\u2019re having a hard time identifying and pulling in people who are isolated,\u201d he continues. \u201cFirst of all, they don\u2019t go to church anymore. We can\u2019t put up a flyer at the corner bakery saying if you\u2019ve been sexually abused, contact this number. It happens by word of mouth and the media.\u201d Hence the fear of some victims that the \u201csouffl\u00e9 will fall\u201d and a new blanket of silence will cover up possible abuse, says the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe other question is whether things will change within the institution,\u201d says Le Goaziou. \u201cSociologists know perfectly well that things take time, and that it\u2019s going to take time to embed recommendations in operating methods, mentalities and institutional culture. All this is a huge undertaking, and it\u2019s only the beginning. But the seeds are being sown in this unique experience of restorative justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"Antoine<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u201cRestorative justice is the very soul of justice\u201d\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

France\u2019s Recognition and Reparation Commission (CRR) for alleged sexual violence committed by members of religious institutions, created in October 2021, is taking stock of three years of work. While the number of cases handled remains below 500 out of more than 300,000 estimated victims, a first report has been published describing this unprecedented approach of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":141536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[544],"tags":[2927,2870,2756],"ji_location":[2231],"class_list":["post-141541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reparations","tag-church","tag-restorative-justice","tag-sexual-violence","ji_location-france"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRepairing violence within the Church: \u201cIt\u2019s going to take time\u201d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here is the first evaluation of the Commission for Recognition and Reparation (CRR), set up in 2021 to recognise and compensate victims of sexual violence in the French Church.\" 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time\u201d","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/France_eglise-gargouilles-notre-dame-paris.jpg","datePublished":"2025-02-13T10:52:51+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-13T12:46:18+00:00","description":"Here is the first evaluation of the Commission for Recognition and Reparation (CRR), set up in 2021 to recognise and compensate victims of sexual violence in the French Church.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/France_eglise-gargouilles-notre-dame-paris.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/France_eglise-gargouilles-notre-dame-paris.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"Gargoyles at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris (France). Three years after the \u2018Sauv\u00e9 Commission\u2019, reparation for the hundreds of thousands of victims of sexual assaults within the Church remains an enigma: only a few hundred have appeared before the Recognition and Reparation Commission, set up in November 2021."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141541-repairing-violence-church-its-going-to-take-time.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Repairing violence within the Church: \u201cIt\u2019s going to take time\u201d"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Cl\u00e9mentine M\u00e9t\u00e9nier","sameAs":["https:\/\/clementinemetenier.blog"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/cmetenier"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/84"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141541"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141553,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141541\/revisions\/141553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/141536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141541"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=141541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}