{"id":142938,"date":"2025-03-18T09:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=142938"},"modified":"2025-03-25T15:51:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T14:51:00","slug":"gambia-special-court-search-funds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142938-gambia-special-court-search-funds.html","title":{"rendered":"Gambia: a special court in search of funds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><strong>December 16, 2024, was a historic moment for the Gambia\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/transitional-justice\">transitional justice<\/a>. The Economic Community of West African States approved its partnership with the Gambia to set up a Special Tribunal. The hybrid court has the mandate to try crimes committed under the regime of the Gambia\u2019s former president Yahya Jammeh, making it the first time the regional bloc has entered such a partnership with a member state \u2013 without providing any funding.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAgreeing on the contours of the tribunal, writing the statute, and getting it approved by ECOWAS [Economic Community of West African States], was the easy part, and that took three years. The hard part will be funding the tribunal, which will cost tens of millions of dollars, finding the staff, and getting it up and running,\u201d says Reed Brody, an international human rights lawyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst there have been questions around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142119-equatorial-guinea-jammeh-equation.html\">the political will to extradite the former Gambian president, Yahya Jammeh<\/a>, who is currently on a self-imposed exile in Equatorial Guinea and for whom Gambia has not yet issued an arrest warrant, what could be more challenging for the Gambian government is securing the funds to establish the court. Although it has always been considered a challenging task, now it has become even more difficult with the US Agency for International Development (USAID) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141772-us-aid-freeze-how-many-dead.html\">funding freeze<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In January, <a href=\"https:\/\/webtv.un.org\/en\/asset\/k1l\/k1l1666h48\">during the universal periodic review, the Gambian minister of justice,<\/a>&nbsp;Dawda Jallow, told the UN Human Rights Office in Geneva that an estimated 60 million dollars is needed for the tribunal over a period of five years. Once 16 percent of the funds is secured, he said, the court will start its operations. \u201cWe urge the international community to fund the Special Tribunal and strengthen reparations programs as part of our transitional justice efforts,\u201d he pleaded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m sure that if the Gambia continues to show the political will, its friends in the international community, who have rightly been impressed with the Gambia\u2019s transitional justice program, especially the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41754-time-for-the-truth-in-gambia.html\">TRRC<\/a>, will be ready to help. But with the US cutting off all foreign aid, it will be particularly challenging now to find the money,\u201d Brody added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-s-pecial-prosecutor-s-office-set-up-by-june\"><strong>A S<\/strong>pecial Prosecutor\u2019s Office set up by June ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/131982-gambia-end-ofwait-and-see-strategy.html\">On April 22, 2024<\/a>, the Special accountability mechanism bill was passed by the Gambian national assembly. Under this bill are three institutions for prosecutions of the Jammeh-era crimes: the Special Prosecutor\u2019s Office, the Criminal division of the High Court and the Special Tribunal in partnership with ECOWAS. Whilst the Criminal division of the High Court, which has already been set up, will try domestic crimes, the Special Tribunal will focus on crimes of international nature. In January, the minister of justice said the government plans the Special Prosecutor\u2019s office to be operational by June 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Government of the Gambia has a collaborative relationship with the US department of State, the Office of global criminal justice and its former ambassadors-at-large, as well as with the USAID,\u201d said Ida Persson, the special adviser on transitional justice and head of the post-TRRC unit at the Gambian ministry of justice. \u201cBoth have been providing technical and financial support since 2021. On the Special Tribunal and the Special Prosecutor\u2019s Office, the Office of the global criminal justice was providing technical assistance towards the establishment and the preliminary operations of the Special Prosecutor\u2019s office, which has now halted due to the new administration freeze,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-government-should-not-depend-entirely-on-donor-funding\"><strong>The <\/strong>government \u201cshould not depend entirely on donor funding\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>She added that this will result in delays in the implementation of activities and if the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141772-us-aid-freeze-how-many-dead.html\">US<\/a>AID<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/141772-us-aid-freeze-how-many-dead.html\"> funding freeze<\/a>&nbsp;should persist, it would also affect the mobilization of additional funding for the Special Prosecutor\u2019s Office and the Special Tribunal. \u201cOther donors that continue to financially support these processes are the UN peacebuilding funds and the European Union, through the implementing partners such as UNDP and OHCHR.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDonald Trump\u2019s decision to put a halt to US funding of foreign projects would no doubt affect such initiatives like the creation of the Special Tribunal to try former President Yahya Jammeh, but it definitely should not spell the end of the initiative,\u201d said Demba Ali Jawo, veteran journalist, victim of Jammeh\u2019s regime and former chairman of the Gambia Centre for victims of human rights violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf indeed the government have the commitment and political will to carry on with the transitional justice process, they should not depend entirely on donor funding to implement it,\u201d he added. \u201cFor instance, we understand that over a billion dalasis [about 14 million dollars] was realized from the sale of former president Jammeh\u2019s assets, and there is nothing stopping the government from using some of that money to kick-start the process, rather than do nothing and wait for donor funding.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-financial-help-from-ecowas\">No financial help from ECOWAS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/135400-why-gambia-suffered-a-setback-at-ecowas-parliament-for-special-tribunal.html\">In July 2024<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/135400-why-gambia-suffered-a-setback-at-ecowas-parliament-for-special-tribunal.html\">ECOWAS parliament voted against its partnership<\/a>&nbsp;with the Gambia to set up the Special Tribunal. Some of the representatives were strongly against this partnership, one of them being Liberian MP Edwin Snowe, the chair of the committee on political, peace and security. <a href=\"https:\/\/standard.gm\/ecowas-approves-special-tribunal-for-gambia\/\">In December 2024,<\/a>&nbsp;however, that decision no longer carried any weight when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/139544-gambia-ecowas-revises-its-position.html\">Authority of Heads of States gave this partnership its blessings<\/a>. But apart from providing technical support, it does not seem like ECOWAS will go any further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe way it\u2019s structured, the way the treaty is structured, the Gambian government will fund it, so there is nothing in there that says ECOWAS will fund it. So the role ECOWAS was to play was just to monitor, observe, mediate but the court is fully funded by the government of the Gambia,\u201d Edwin Snowe told Justice Info at his home in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-70-individuals-including-jammeh-should-be-prosecuted\">70 individuals, including Jammeh, should be prosecuted<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is unclear what the Gambia\u2019s next steps are. The Gambian government has a five-year timeline to implement the TRRC recommendations, which is expected to end in 2027. The National human rights commission is the institution monitoring the government\u2019s implementation of the 263 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86069-trrc-final-report-gambia-between-prosecutions-and-amnesties.html\">recommendations<\/a>&nbsp;the TRRC made in 2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe National Human Rights Commission has reported to the national assembly that 16 of the recommendations made by the TRRC have been fully implemented by the government and 55 have yet to commence. The remaining 192 TRRC recommendations being implemented,\u201d the minister of justice, Jallow, said at the 2024 conference on the status of the implementation of the TRRC recommendations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As recommended by the TRRC, the Gambia government should prosecute nearly 70 individuals, including Jammeh, who has been on a self-imposed exile since 2017 in Equatorial Guinea, a country that does not have an extradition treaty with The Gambia. He has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142119-equatorial-guinea-jammeh-equation.html\">recently spoken<\/a>&nbsp;of his return and has been actively participating in the politics of his party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two trials have been held in the Gambia in connection to crimes committed under the Jammeh regime. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/103778-gambia-death-penalty-former-leaders-national-intelligence-agency.html\">heads of the National <\/a>Intelligence Agency (NIA) and Yankuba Touray, who was a former Junta member and local government minister, were tried whilst the TRRC was ongoing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-the-absence-of-us-funding-what-next\">In the absence of US funding, what next?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the Gambia\u2019s key partners is the European Union. According to the EU delegation, they have invested a total of 20 million euros in transitional justice since 2017, including security sector reform. \u201cAt this point in time, our focus concerns the support of the Special Tribunal and the expansion of the High Court complex, by funding the two new courtroom facilities for the special criminal division of the High Court complex in Bakau and the construction of the Special Prosecution office. The EU has also deployed experts across key institutions including the judiciary, the ministry of justice, the national assembly and local government bodies to reinforce the work of these institutions,\u201d the delegation said to Justice Info.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On their next steps with regards to the Special Tribunal, the delegation says it is too early to identify the EU\u2019s future engagement. \u201cBut we are of course, as part of the donors\u2019 community, holding regular discussions with the government.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe certainly will continue with our efforts to mobilize the funds required, which include strategic engagement, both collectively and bilaterally with donors and development partners in and outside the Gambia. We believe if our supporters understand the intricacies of the plan, they\u2019d buy into why it\u2019s not only a critical endeavour to invest in for the Gambia and the sub-region, but for the world,\u201d Persson, from the Gambian ministry of justice, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lack-of-political-will-in-banjul\">Lack of political will in Banjul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCertainly, the failure to start the prosecution of the alleged perpetrators for more than eight years since the [current president Adama]&nbsp;Barrow regime\u2019s coming into power could be interpreted by some people as the government\u2019s lack of political will to implement the transitional justice process,\u201d Jawo, veteran journalist and victim of Jammeh\u2019s regime, said. \u201cWe have also seen that a good number of the victims have died while waiting for justice, and the longer it takes to implement the process, the less effective it is likely to become. Therefore, to demonstrate their commitment to getting justice for victims of the Jammeh regime, the government should expedite the process.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142119-equatorial-guinea-jammeh-equation.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Equatorial-Guinea_Teodoro-Obiang-president_@Amanuel-Sileshi-AFP-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"The deposed former Gambian dictator Yahya Jammeh found refuge in Equatorial Guinea in 2017. Could he return to Gambia to face trial? Photo: Teodoro Obiang, President of Equatorial Guinea.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Equatorial-Guinea_Teodoro-Obiang-president_@Amanuel-Sileshi-AFP-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Equatorial-Guinea_Teodoro-Obiang-president_@Amanuel-Sileshi-AFP-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Equatorial-Guinea_Teodoro-Obiang-president_@Amanuel-Sileshi-AFP-1110x740.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Equatorial-Guinea_Teodoro-Obiang-president_@Amanuel-Sileshi-AFP.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142119-equatorial-guinea-jammeh-equation.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tEquatorial Guinea and Jammeh\u2019s equation\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Gambia, a special tribunal has been set up in partnership with Ecowas to try crimes committed under the dictatorship of Yahya Jammeh. The question now is how it will be funded.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":142933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566],"tags":[2740],"ji_location":[2509],"class_list":["post-142938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","tag-yahya-jammeh-en","ji_location-gambia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gambia: a special court in search of funds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Gambia, a special court has been set up to try crimes committed under the dictatorship of Yahya Jammeh. 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Could his return, which he announced at the end of January from his exile in Equatorial Guinea, be disrupted by the creation of a Special Court - which only exists on paper due to lack of funding? 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