{"id":143148,"date":"2025-03-24T11:10:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T10:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=143148"},"modified":"2025-03-25T15:42:05","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T14:42:05","slug":"i-was-responsible-for-what-was-beneath-the-surface-not-above","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/143148-i-was-responsible-for-what-was-beneath-the-surface-not-above.html","title":{"rendered":"\u201cI was responsible for what was beneath the surface \u2013 not above\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Using maps, drilling data, and technical explanations, Alexandre Schneiter, the former CEO of Lundin Oil, tried to distance himself from responsibility for war crimes around Block 5A, an oil extraction site located in a territory that is now in South Sudan. But the prosecutor\u2019s questions were not just about what was beneath the surface, but also about what the company knew \u2013 and did \u2013 when the civil war raged above the oil fields.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u201cThree lines on a map! How can three lines on a map be aiding and abetting war crimes?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is recess in courtroom 34 on the second floor of the district court in Stockholm, and one of Alexandre Schneiter\u2019s lawyers vents frustration while descending the winding stairs to the caf\u00e9 during a break.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autumn turned into winter, and winter into what is known in Sweden as the fifth season: spring-winter, while Swiss national Schneiter has been interrogated between 4 February and mid-March 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Half of the historic 300-day trial against two executives of the Swedish Company Lundin Oil has passed, a trial where they have to answer accusations of complicity in war crimes in southern Sudan between 1997 and 2003. Coming after his co-defendant Ian Lundin\u2019s <\/a>uneasy interrogation, Schneiter and his defence have been crystal clear: he was technically responsible for finding oil in the million-years-old sediment layers beneath Sudan\u2019s surface. But he had nothing to do with security or operational activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo responsibility for anything above the surface\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A few weeks before the discussion about the three lines on a map, the former CEO asked to say a few words at the start of his testimony. \u201cWe have heard a lot about seismic in court, and geophysics is, simply put, the study of our earth and the gathering of data using the laws of physics like magnetism, gravity, and seismic activity,\u201d he explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schneiter joined the Lundin Group in 1992 as a geologist. His straight career path is built on his ability to find oil where others drilled dry. The only source ever found in Block 5A until today was discovered by Schneiter. A photo of the core sample from Thar Yath, drilled in 1999, is shown on the Stockholm district court\u2019s screens. Schneiter explains, without getting too technical, that the black spots in the soil are oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is not relevant, but still interesting that what we are seeing is rock that is 100 million years old,\u201d Schneiter continued, emphasizing that his focus was always on what lay beneath the earth\u2019s surface and that he had no responsibility for anything above it. No production ever took place, he added. Unlike the neighbours in Blocks 1, 2 and 4, which exported oil, not a single drop was produced from Block 5A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only after several hours of lectures does Schneiter comment on one of the charges: \u201cIn my view, it is entirely incorrect to claim that my participation in a couple of meetings would have had any impact on the conflict in the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Building a road through an uncontrolled area<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to prosecutors, it\u2019s the opposite. The three lines on the map represent planned seismic lines \u2014 kilometer-long cables with small explosive devices attached and used to listen to what\u2019s hidden underground. The map was presented by Schneiter at a meeting with representatives of Sudan in October 2001 and crossed an area not controlled by the Sudanese regime at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The prosecutors refer to the area as MOK or the Nhialdiu area. According to them, the Sudanese military subsequently demanded that a road to Nhialdiu be constructed to secure planned seismic surveys in the MOK operational areas, which the company, according to the charges, accepted. According to witnesses and company security reports, the area was later affected by heavy fighting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A plan to build a road through an area not controlled by the Sudanese military or allied militias should have signalled to the accused that it would lead to military offensives, according to the prosecution. Offensives during which the military would carry out indiscriminate attacks against civilians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But when the prosecutor displays the seismic maps from the \u201cExploration Development Strategy 2002\u201d document during the hearing, Schneiter brightens and says he is pleased to finally explain what the maps show. Something he believes neither his defence nor the prosecutors have understood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat the image shows is the bedrock in Block 5A. Imagine this as a bathtub, the edges are the shallow parts, and the basin is the deeper part. Fill the bathtub with sand, and you get the Muglad Basin<\/a>,\u201d Schneiter explains joyfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He argues that this part of the earth is something that does not change. The depth to the bedrock and the shape of the basin are constants in geology. \u201cAs a company, you don\u2019t want to prospect in the deeper sections; you want to focus on the shallower parts,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the prosecutor, the image has been used to show that Lundin had an interest in the MOK area. But according to Schneiter, it merely describes a \u201ctrend\u201d indicating that the area is deep and that MOK would be the least suitable place to explore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t care if it\u2019s Iran, Sudan, or the North Sea\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLet\u2019s be clear: when a geophysicist looks at this, they don\u2019t care if it\u2019s Iran, Sudan, or the North Sea,\u201d Schneiter continues, explaining that in a reservoir, there are deeper sections, but the quality decreases, and eventually, the oil turns into gas. The tone is once more lecturing: the prosecutors have misunderstood oil exploration \u2013 or how an oil company operates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The difference in how Schneiter responds is striking compared to Lundin, the former president of Lundin Oil, who has been interrogated in the previous month. Lundin often did not recall details<\/a>, while Schneiter wants to be correct, remembers specifics, and stands firm to reject the prosecutor\u2019s narrative and documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For him, it is not just about rejecting accusations, but about telling a story where the company has built roads to win acceptance among villages and ran clinics to gain support. It was never just about searching for oil, but about lifting the country out of poverty with support from the international community\u2019s various bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trying to connect Schneiter to the earth surface<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Often, it leads to a tug-of-war with the prosecutors over Schneiter\u2019s involvement in the operations and what was handled locally in Block 5A or at the Khartoum office. When the prosecutors highlight that Schneiter met with South Sudan Independence Movement\u2019s general, Paulino Matip - whose militia group fought against Peter Gadet\u2019s Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army, alongside the government- to obtain permission to fly helicopters in Block 5A, Schneiter presents a different version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was a coincidence. I had just landed in Khartoum and was checking in when I saw Matip in the hotel lobby,\u201d Schneiter says. The fact that the flight permit was later approved if they avoided \u201cthe southern part\u201d of the block is not something he remembers. \u201cI don\u2019t remember asking him for any permit,\u201d Schneiter asserts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosecutors continued trying to link Schneiter to operations by showing that when the rig in Thar Yath was attacked and security guards were killed in May 1999, it was noted in the incident log that he was the person the staff called \u2013 but Schneiter claims he does not remember this. His explanation is that his name was on a \u201cgeneral crisis call list\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After five days of questioning, prosecutors discussed a meeting between representatives of Sudan and the company in October 2000<\/a>, where Schneiter was allegedly exposed to the first complicity act. In the meeting minutes, an image of \u201csignificant incidents\u201d affecting the company was presented. Prosecutor Henrik Attorps showed metadata revealing that the incident list was found during a house search at the defendant\u2019s Swiss domicile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schneiter claimed not to have seen the list, which recorded hundreds of incidents, but recalled that rebel leader Gadet was attacking, and the army was defending itself. The company had halted operations and was merely observing the situation. However, the prosecutor argued that the list demonstrated Schneiter\u2019s knowledge of conflicts and armed confrontations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFrom my understanding at that time, it was about tribal conflicts, and that Gadet was becoming increasingly troublesome, but I had no way to influence this,\u201d Schneiter answered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u201cFurther west, it says large forces are stationed to counter the threat from Gadet and to ensure Block 5A\u2019s safety. This reasoning \u2013 that the military allocated resources for your security \u2013 is that something you had been informed about at that time?\u201d, the prosecutor continued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schneiter replied that security was not his area of responsibility and that his understanding was that the army provided a \u201cneutral guard force\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u201cBut when you heard about this neutral guard force, how does that align with 1,600 soldiers being stationed in the block and large troops further west?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- I was in the field, and I saw with my own eyes that there was a neutral guard force, friendly guards, and this document is not a fact, it is an estimation,\u201d Schneiter replied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the start of the trial, the prosecutor presented a drawing of red staircase, with each stair symbolizing an action and therefore a higher level of complicity, to illustrate how various actions, or \u201cacts of complicity\u201d contributed to enabling crimes committed in Block 5A during the so-called crime period. Schneiter\u2019s defence questioned the prosecutor\u2019s methodology, where it is alleged that Schneiter, by \u201cinforming\u201d the Sudanese about planned activities, demanded military interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After Schneiter\u2019s interrogation, the court will start hearing about 50 witnesses during the rest of 2025 and into 2026. Since the interrogations with the two defendants took more time than expected, the new expected date for the end of Sweden\u2019s longest running trial is now set to May 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Martin Schibbye<\/em><\/a> is a Swedish Freelance journalist and founder of the news website <\/em>Blankspot.se<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"Ian<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tIan Lundin finally speaks\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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He claimed that he was responsible for drilling, but not for safety or operational activities.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/143148-i-was-responsible-for-what-was-beneath-the-surface-not-above.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/143148-i-was-responsible-for-what-was-beneath-the-surface-not-above.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/143148-i-was-responsible-for-what-was-beneath-the-surface-not-above.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/South-Sudan_Alexandre-Schneiter-Lundin-Oil-interview_@Bloomberg.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/South-Sudan_Alexandre-Schneiter-Lundin-Oil-interview_@Bloomberg.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"Former Lundin CEO Alexandre Schneiter in an interview with Bloomberg TV on 31 January 2020. 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