{"id":145729,"date":"2025-05-23T10:50:19","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T08:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=145729"},"modified":"2025-05-23T10:59:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T08:59:49","slug":"majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/145729-majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia.html","title":{"rendered":"Majdi Nema: a trial with witnesses in absentia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Paris trial of Syrian Majdi Nema for complicity in war crimes enters its final phase this Friday: the closing arguments. But the absence of many witnesses - on both on the prosecution and on the defence side - has weighed heavily on the proceedings.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

He says he came \u201cto bear witness to what he saw\u201d because he promised himself \u201cto always do something against those who commit abuses\u201d. For several years, Ahmed* says he documented the crimes<\/a> of both the regime and rebel groups in Syria\u2019s Eastern Ghouta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even today, he says, this work has earned him numerous threats. To protect himself from these possible \u201crisks\u201d, the Syrian activist who has taken refuge in France has requested anonymity, as have the two other individuals who have filed a civil action. Their reason: a climate of \u201cthreats and pressure\u201d against them, which \u201ctook place throughout the investigation\u201d and continued \u201cuntil very recently\u201d, according to their lawyer, Marc Bailly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Majdi Nema has been on trial since 29 April 2025 for complicity in war crimes and \u201ccollusion\u201d with the Jaysh al-Islam group, \u201cin his capacity as spokesman, intelligence officer and strategic adviser to the group\u2019s leadership\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Threats to prosecution witnesses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Citing threats or risks, several witnesses indicated that they will not testify, either at the opening of the trial or in the days that followed. But apart from the \u201csometimes direct threats\u201d that may have made against them, Bailly also explains their absence by the change of regime and the inclusion <\/a>of certain rebel groups - including Jaysh al-Islam - into the institutions of the new government in Damascus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The witnesses \u201cdo not want to insult the future\u201d, should they wish to return to Syria, \u201cnor do they want to jeopardise their families\u201d who have stayed there - and on whom their testimony could have repercussions, explained the lawyer at the very first hearing of the trial. In all, according to the national anti-terrorism prosecutor\u2019s office (PNAT), ten Syrian witnesses who were to be heard at its request failed to appear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No defence witnesses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On the defence side, for very different reasons, witnesses are totally absent. Nema\u2019s lawyers, Romain Ruiz and Rapha\u00ebl Kempf, had initially requested that five people be heard on his behalf. Three live in Syria, two in Turkey. But none of them, they claim, has received a summons to appear in court. While this does not surprise them in the case of Syria - given the context and the change of regime - the same cannot be said for Turkey, with which France maintains judicial cooperation ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Turkish authorities reportedly never replied to the ministry of justice\u2019s Bureau for international mutual assistance in criminal matters (BPI), which had asked them to notify the two witnesses of their summons to appear before the Paris Assize Court. After several weeks of uncertainty as to whether it would be possible to hear them, and some heated discussions at the hearing about who was to take responsibility for their absence, the president of the court decided to \u201cgo ahead\u201d - ruling out the possibility of organising a remote meeting, by videoconference, using an encrypted messaging application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is the state of cooperation in international criminal justice\u201d, said Nema\u2019s lawyers, who finally argued in favour of a request to adjourn the trial on the evening of Monday 19 May 2025. They told the court that they were asking for a simple \u201cjudicial decision\u201d, since \u201ceveryone has the right to a defence\u201d. The request was rejected the following morning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the end, only two witnesses called by the prosecution at the request of the defence - considered relevant to shedding light on Nema\u2019s role within Jaysh al-Islam - were heard.<\/p>\n\n\n\t

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\u201cWe are not the lawyers of Jaysh al-Islam\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In his closing argument, Kempf argued that postponing the trial would have enabled the parties to travel to Syria in search of new witnesses or victims who would participate in \u201cestablishing the truth\u201d. According to Kempf, \u201cthe trial is going in all directions\u201d. For several days now, the defence has been complaining that \u201cthe vast majority of the debates have been extremely far apart from what Nema is accused of\u201d, and that entire hours have been \u201cwasted\u201d hearing \u201cwitnesses who do not know the accused\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Ruiz, this is a consequence of the way the trial was constructed. On the side, he explains: \u201cFrench justice wants to do justice for the crimes committed in Syria. But instead of putting Majdi Nema on trial, it is putting Jaysh al-Islam on trial. That\u2019s why we don\u2019t systematically intervene in hearings: we\u2019re not the lawyers for Jaysh al-Islam. The problem is that it is not the group as a legal entity that is facing twenty years in prison, but Majdi Nema, who has already been in prison for five years.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the advisability of travelling to Syria to meet witnesses, \u201cthings have been much more difficult for us since the fall of the regime,\u201d replied Bailly, who contested any \u201cbreach of equality\u201d. \u201cLike you,\u201d he said to the defence, \u201cI would have liked to be able to go there even before this trial. But I couldn\u2019t, because it wasn\u2019t possible to ensure my safety\u201d. The civil parties\u2019 lawyer recalls the fears and the threats suffered by the witnesses, but also by the civil parties\u2019 organisations he represents - the Syrian Centre for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM), the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) and the Human Rights League (LDH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refusal of French visas for some witnesses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On the prosecution side, no one disputes the weight of the absence of some witnesses who would have shed more light on Nema\u2019s role within Jaysh al-Islam. During his hearing as a representative of the SCM, Mazen Darwish regretted that several of them were unable to attend \u201cbecause of the danger for themselves or for their families\u201d. But he was also keen to \u201cprotest to the court\u201d because, in his view, several \u201cimportant witnesses\u201d had not been \u201csupported by France to come and testify\u201d. More precisely, they had not obtained their visas, preventing them from appearing in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This could concern at least one \u201ckey witness\u201d, a young man who had been interviewed during the judicial investigation and whose testimony was due to be heard on Thursday 22 May - a priori behind closed doors. According to the indictment, the young man (renamed \u201cwitness Xh3\u201d) described to the investigators the circumstances of his enrolment in a training camp \u201cwhen he was a minor\u201d to undergo a training \u201cpraised by Jaysh al-Islam\u201d, before being assigned to a brigade of the rebel group. He explained that the training was \u201caimed at young people aged 13 to 14\u201d; he himself was aged 13, Bailly told Justice Info. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his statement to the investigators, \u201cXh3\u201d added that he had seen Nema, alias Islam Alloush, at meetings \u201cwith the general staff\u201d of the rebel group, and that he had also seen him inflict \u201cill-treatment on detainees\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut he didn\u2019t get his visa\u201d, says Bailly, despite the importance his testimony could represent before the Paris Assize Court - which is precisely trying Nema on charges of complicity in the enlistment or conscription of minors. In this case, Nema is suspected of having provided \u201cassistance\u201d in their recruitment and training, and of participating in the distribution of propaganda intended to \u201cindoctrinate\u201d them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The refusal to grant a visa to \u201cwitness Xh3\u201d is the result of a blockade by the interior ministry, for which \u201ctoday\u2019s policy is not to welcome people who we are not sure can return to their country of origin\u201d, without any other considerations, Bailly told Justice Info.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In court, the statements of \u201cwitness Xh3\u201d were not read out by the president on Thursday, as it was the case with the statements of other absent witnesses. Bailly indicated that he might nevertheless go back to some of the information provided by the young man in the course of the trial in his closing arguments this Monday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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* Given name<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"International<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u201cWe will follow them wherever they will go\u201d\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Paris trial of Syrian Majdi Nema for complicity in war crimes enters its final phase this Friday: the closing arguments. But the absence of many witnesses has weighed heavily on the proceedings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":162,"featured_media":145724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2801],"tags":[2683],"ji_location":[2231,2499],"class_list":["post-145729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-universal-jurisdiction","tag-war-crime","ji_location-france","ji_location-syria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMajdi Nema: a trial with witnesses in absentia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Paris trial of Syrian Majdi Nema for complicity in war crimes enters its final phase this Friday: the closing arguments. 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But the absence of many witnesses has weighed heavily on the proceedings.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/145729-majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/145729-majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/145729-majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/France_palais-de-justice-Paris-salle-pas-perdus_@Britchi-Mirela.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/France_palais-de-justice-Paris-salle-pas-perdus_@Britchi-Mirela.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"The first trial to be held in France in the presence of a Syrian defendant, currently underway at the Palais de Justice in Paris, is struggling to get witnesses to come - despite the fact that they are at the heart of the evidence. Photo: \u00a9 Britchi Mirela"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/145729-majdi-nema-trial-witnesses-in-absentia.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Majdi Nema: a trial with witnesses in absentia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Chlo\u00e9 Dubois","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/chlo-dubois-171a87a9\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/chloedubois"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/162"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145729"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":145736,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145729\/revisions\/145736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/145724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=145729"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=145729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}