{"id":148240,"date":"2025-07-24T11:49:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T09:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=148240"},"modified":"2025-09-26T14:20:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T12:20:54","slug":"israel-rafah-camp-humanitarian-city-or-crime-against-humanity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/148240-israel-rafah-camp-humanitarian-city-or-crime-against-humanity.html","title":{"rendered":"Israel\u2019s Rafah camp \u2013 \u201chumanitarian city\u201d or crime against humanity?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>More than 1,000 civilians have been killed by the Israeli army in Gaza in two months while trying to obtain food, according to a UN statement on July 22. An investigation by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, published on June 27, reveals that Israeli soldiers were ordered to shoot at crowds at distribution centers. Law professor Shannon Bosch describes Israel's official plan for a \u201chumanitarian city\u201d in Rafah as a prelude to a mass expulsion of Palestinians, in major violation of international law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Israel\u2019s Defence Minister Israel Katz has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/katz-calls-for-confining-all-gazans-in-humanitarian-city-built-over-rafahs-ruins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">announced a controversial plan<\/a> to move up to 600,000 Palestinians in Gaza into a designated \u201chumanitarian area\u201d on the ruins of the southern city of Rafah. Access to the camp would be through strict security screening to ensure entrants were not Hamas operatives. Once inside, the perimeter would be sealed off by the Israeli military. Palestinians would not be allowed to leave. Eventually the camp would house the entire 2.1 million population of Gaza. Camp construction would begin during the proposed 60-day ceasefire being negotiated by Israel and Hamas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The plan is illegal, inhumane and risks worsening the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. The Israeli plan is to eventually force Gaza\u2019s entire population into the Rafah camp. The forced displacement and containment of any civilian population in an occupied territory is a violation of <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule129\">international humanitarian law<\/a>. Done on this scale would constitute a <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/icc-statute-1998\/article-8\">war crime<\/a> and a <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/es\/ihl-treaties\/icc-statute-1998\/article-7?activeTab=default\">crime against humanity<\/a> under the Rome Statute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule129#Fn_39A00E49_00022\">UN Security Council, UN General Assembly and UN Commission on Human Rights<\/a> have all condemned instances of forced transfer in armed conflicts. So too, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, which have stressed the <a href=\"https:\/\/international-review.icrc.org\/articles\/26th-international-conference-red-cross-and-red-crescent-resolutions-and-annexes\">fundamental prohibition<\/a> of forced displacement of a civilian population and the need for all parties to respect this prohibition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-for-their-own-protection\">For their own protection?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Katz is describing the camp as a \u201chumanitarian city\u201d. The Israeli military says Palestinians would only be contained for their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2025\/jul\/07\/israeli-minister-reveals-plan-to-force-population-of-gaza-into-camp-on-ruins-of-rafah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">own protection<\/a>. As we have seen, civilian displacement is prohibited. But there is <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/gciv-1949\/article-49\">an exception<\/a> if a case can be made either for military reasons or the protection of the population. However, this exception only exists for as long as the conditions warrant for it to exist. Anyone subject to such an evacuation must be transferred back to their homes as soon as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imperative military reasons never justify the removal of a civilian population in order to persecute it. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/media\/guiding-principles-internal-displacement\">Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement<\/a> entrenches the duty of international actors to avoid creating the conditions that might lead to the displacement of people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Katz has indicated international organisations would be responsible for managing aid and services inside the area. But Israel has a history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/02\/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza\/\">defying even orders from the International Court of Justice<\/a> to allow humanitarian aid to reach the Palestinians in Gaza. If international humanitarian agencies were called upon to service the camp, they would face a dilemma. They would need to decide whether to cooperate in managing aid under conditions that compromise their neutrality and ethical standards, deny basic human rights and are built on violations of international law. Aid groups would risk being complicit in a process that sets up a transit camp for Palestinians before possibly expelling them from Gaza altogether.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This \u201chumanitarian city\u201d would essentially become an open-air prison. Palestinians would be reliant on international aid under strict Israeli military control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mass-expulsion\">Mass expulsion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Could the Rafah camp be a precursor to mass expulsion from Gaza and what does international law say about that? Katz has been quoted saying Israel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/katz-calls-for-confining-all-gazans-in-humanitarian-city-built-over-rafahs-ruins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">aims to implement<\/a> \u201cthe emigration plan, which will happen\u201d \u2013 meaning Gazans will eventually be forced to leave for other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Changing the demographic composition of a territory \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/ethnic-cleansing\">ethnic cleansing<\/a> \u2013 achieved through the displacement of the civilian population of a territory is <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule129\">strictly prohibited under international law.<\/a> The idea of displacing Palestinians has long been part of Israeli strategic thinking, but this announcement signals a dangerous escalation and intention to permanently alter Gaza\u2019s demographic landscape through displacement and containment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Katz, Gazans would have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/katz-calls-for-confining-all-gazans-in-humanitarian-city-built-over-rafahs-ruins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">the option<\/a> of \u201cvoluntary\u201d emigration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, speaking at the White House [early July], Prime Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/tag\/benjamin-netanyahu\">Benjamin Netanyahu<\/a> said there would be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/netanyahu-meet-trump-white-house-israel-hamas-discuss-ceasefire-2025-07-07\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">no forced exodus<\/a> from Gaza: \u201cIf people want to stay, they can stay, but if they want to leave, they should be able to leave.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the scale of the <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2025\/07\/1165321\">humanitarian crisis in Gaza<\/a> is incomprehensible. The population has been displaced multiple times and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doctorswithoutborders.org\/latest\/destruction-homes-leaves-palestinians-unable-safely-return-rafah\">90% of homes<\/a> in Gaza are damaged or destroyed. The healthcare, water, sanitation and hygiene systems <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21817-1\">have collapsed<\/a>. On average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/7\/2\/death-or-food-the-palestinians-killed-by-israel-at-gazas-aid-centres\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">100 Palestinians<\/a> are killed daily as they try to access food. These crisis circumstances negate the voluntary nature of any person\u2019s consent to either the transfer to the Rafah camp or ultimately, the departure from Gaza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/harici.com.tr\/en\/israel-details-plan-for-humanitarian-zone-in-rafah-called-a-concentration-camp-by-critics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Amos Goldberg<\/a>, historian of the Holocaust at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, what the defence minister laid out was clear plans for the ethnic cleansing of Gaza: \u201c[It is] a transit camp for Palestinians before they expel them. It is neither humanitarian nor a city.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons licence. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/israels-rafah-camp-humanitarian-city-or-crime-against-humanity-260809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/144953-is-israel-losing-the-legal-battle.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/000_36TQ42Q-1-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Palestinian children cry after their relatives, including infants, were killed in an Israeli airstrike on their shelter in Deir el-Balah in the central Gaza Strip on January 14, 2025.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/000_36TQ42Q-1-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/000_36TQ42Q-1-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/000_36TQ42Q-1-1110x740.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/000_36TQ42Q-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/144953-is-israel-losing-the-legal-battle.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tIs Israel losing the legal battle?\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"content-encadre\">\r\n\t<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-148258 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Shannon-Bosch.jpg\" alt=\"Shannon Bosch\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Shannon-Bosch.jpg 280w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Shannon-Bosch-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>SHANNON BOSCH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shannon Bosch is an Associate Professor in international law and international humanitarian law at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Australia. She sits on the editorial board of the African Yearbook of International Humanitarian law. Prior to teaching in Australia, she has been in academic for over 20 years at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal in South Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Law professor Shannon Bosch describes Israel's official plan for a \u201chumanitarian city\u201d in Rafah as a prelude to a mass expulsion of Palestinians, in major violation of international law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":171,"featured_media":148232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[567],"tags":[2653,3935,2942,3613,2683],"ji_location":[2285,2403],"class_list":["post-148240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-crime-against-humanity","tag-human-rights","tag-international-humanitarian-law","tag-international-law","tag-war-crime","ji_location-israel","ji_location-palestine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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reportedly shot as they waited to receive food parcels at a distribution point run by the US and Israeli-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF), on July 12, 2025. 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