{"id":155870,"date":"2026-03-02T10:55:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T09:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=155870"},"modified":"2026-03-02T10:55:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T09:55:29","slug":"targeted-charges-against-duterte-at-the-icc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/155870-targeted-charges-against-duterte-at-the-icc.html","title":{"rendered":"Targeted charges against Duterte at the ICC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Having held a week of hearings at the International Criminal Court in The Hague, judges will now decide if former president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Roa Duterte, will go to trial for crimes against humanity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Rodrigo Roa Duterte\u2019s unexpected <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/V9B7jxDkEIg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">arrest and transfer<\/a> to The Hague was livestreamed from a jet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/142703-the-icc-has-got-duterte-what-will-the-philippines-get.html\">in March 2025<\/a> amidst a feud between his daughter vice-president, and incumbent Philippines president Ferdinand \u2018Bongbong\u2019 Marcos. His family and political supporters were furious, while lawyers who had been fighting on behalf of victims of a drugs war in which thousands had been killed were delighted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last week, the same spectrum of emotions \u2013 and partisan players \u2013 were on display outside the confirmation of charges hearings in The Hague at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/tribunals\/icc\">International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/a>. Just outside the ICC\u2019s revolving glass doors there were daily press briefings and a battery of Filipino journalists livestreaming commentary back home via social media. Inside the court the presiding judge, Romanian Antoanella Motoc, kept strict time keeping amidst sharp disagreements on the nature of what was known as the \u2018war on drugs\u2019, and whether Duterte should be held personally responsible for the killings.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much of the potential drama of the sessions was reduced by the judges\u2019 agreement that Duterte did not have to be in court personally to hear the basics of the evidence against him. The world\u2019s media attention dropped off without the spectacle of the alleged strong man in court. But also in the flurry of last-minute motions, two Filipino lawyers were added to the team representing victims, against strenuous objections from the defence. The tone of filings was testy, providing plenty of fodder for commentators, with epithets such as \u201csocial media klaxon\u201d, passing from defence counsel and \u201cincoherent\u201d and \u201ctheatrical\u201d back from judges. According to court insiders, the additional victims\u2019 lawyers did not get email access to the relevant files until the&nbsp;Friday before proceedings started on the Monday.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-policy-to-neutralise-alleged-criminals\">A policy to \u201cneutralise\u201d alleged criminals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Duterte faces charges of crimes against humanity, for murder and attempted murder. The alleged crimes are limited to the time that the Philippines was a member of the court, from 2011-2019, although the crimes are alleged to have originated back in the 1980\u2019s. He is accused of \u201cdesigning and disseminating the policy to \u2018neutralise\u2019 alleged criminals\u201d as mayor of Davao between 2013 and mid 2016,during his presidential campaign in early 2016 and as president between 2016 and 2018, including by endorsing an anti-illegal drugs campaign and\u00a0\u201cestablishing and overseeing\u201d the \u201cDavao death squad\u201d and later a \u201cnational network\u201d to commit the killings. During his presidency, he is also accused of responsibility for a plan to eliminate \u2018high value targets\u2019 alleged to have been involved in the drugs trade and for the deaths of many low-level traffickers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The prosecution chose a limited range of 49 specific incidents\u00a0and 78 direct victims. In his presentation to the court, senior trial lawyer Julian Nicholls explained that Duterte was at the top of the scheme to conduct the war on drugs and that he promises to \u201cpay\u201d and \u201cpromote\u201d those who obeyed the orders. The prosecution used a collage of video extracts from Duterte\u2019s own speeches in which Duterte\u2019s own hyperbolic violent language told law enforcement to kill.\u00a0They also covered their bets by using three different modes of potential liability for the former president: indirect co-perpetrator, inducing or ordering, or thirdly aiding and abetting.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div class=\"ArticleNewsletterCTA\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"ArticleNewsletterCTATitle\">FIND THIS ARTICLE INTERESTING?<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"ArticleNewsletterCTAText\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/newsletter\">Sign up now for our (free) newsletter<\/a> to make sure you don't miss out on other publications of this type. \t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t\n\n\n<p>Edward Jeremy, another prosecution trial lawyer, told the court how one mayor was targeted and how Duterte boasted after he had surrendered to the police, \u201cI had him tracked down like a dog\u201d. Although the police official version was that the mayor died in a shoot-out with police in prison, in fact he reportedly had been murdered in the prison cell, with CCTV disabled, says the ICC prosecutor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gilbert Andres, victims counsel, focused on the how the anti-drugs campaign \u201cdisproportionately affected the poor and marginalised\u201d, describing victims houses made of scavenged material, limited education and job opportunities. He argued that Duterte\u2019s rhetoric publicly further dehumanised these marginalised communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duterte\u2019s defence counsel Nick Kaufman showed how these extracts were \u201ccherry-picked\u201d and in fact, contradicted by later quotes in which Duterte made it clear that police should only use lethal force when they were in danger. He challenged the prosecution\u2019s reliance on a presidential directive that ordered law enforcement to \u201cneutralise\u201d the drugs threat, suggesting it could have different meanings.&nbsp;Kaufman also focused on the limited number of incidents in the prosecution\u2019s brief, arguing that there was no proof amounting to the widespread and systematic attack required to charge crimes against humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-testimonies-will-come\">\u201cMore testimonies will come\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the prosecution\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/CourtRecords\/0902ebd180dbe2be.pdf\">document containing the charges<\/a>, Duterte is described as \u201ca co-conspirator, and some of his closest political allies are named alongside him. Senator Ronald dela Rosa, for example, is a former police chief&nbsp;originally from Davao and later headed the national police force. No public ICC arrest warrants have been issued against him or the other named co-conspirators, but video clips of Dela Rosa\u2019s threats to kill were also featured during the hearings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kristina Conti has been a lawyer for the Philippines NGO \u2018Rise Up\u2019 for some of the alleged victims. She says there have been many attempts in the Philippines to get accountability for the drug killings, but the few cases that have been heard have been controlled by the authorities with no cases against the most senior.&nbsp;Mention of Dela Rosa\u2019s name was no surprise to her because of his closeness to Duterte and his role as former police chief. But she noted that the senator has not been seen publicly since December. He \u201cmay be uncertain whether or not he is politically protected\u201d against a potential ICC arrest warrant, says Conti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conti expects more victims to come forward to join the case. \u201cNow they know that Duterte is not going to be released, when applications open again, it will expand a lot. A huge number of people have been emboldened, basing their courage on that of the victims who have already come along\u201d. She recounts how one person approached her in the ICC\u2019s public gallery during the hearings, whose brother had been killed but was not a currently recognised as a victim: \u201cIf judges agree this goes to trial, I think more will come\u201d, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Judges now have 60 working days in which to make the decision to go to trial or not.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/150012-how-the-icc-can-make-dutertes-trial-useful-to-filipinos-or-miss-it.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philippines_ICC-Rodrigo-Duterte-The-Hague_@Nicolas-Tucat-AFP-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Rodrigo Duterte&#039;s trial at the ICC - Photo: In The Hague, in front of the offices of the International Criminal Court, a man holds up a poster of Duterte.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philippines_ICC-Rodrigo-Duterte-The-Hague_@Nicolas-Tucat-AFP-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philippines_ICC-Rodrigo-Duterte-The-Hague_@Nicolas-Tucat-AFP-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philippines_ICC-Rodrigo-Duterte-The-Hague_@Nicolas-Tucat-AFP-1110x740.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philippines_ICC-Rodrigo-Duterte-The-Hague_@Nicolas-Tucat-AFP.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/150012-how-the-icc-can-make-dutertes-trial-useful-to-filipinos-or-miss-it.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tHow the ICC can make Duterte\u2019s trial useful to Filipinos \u2013 or miss it\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Having held a week of hearings at the International Criminal Court in The Hague, judges will now decide if former president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Roa Duterte, will go to trial for crimes against humanity. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":155863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[562],"tags":[2653,2987],"ji_location":[2413],"class_list":["post-155870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icc","tag-crime-against-humanity","tag-rodrigo-duterte-en","ji_location-philippines"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO 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Last week, prosecutors of the International Criminal Court presented judges with a montage of video clips in which, according to them, his violent and hyperbolic language incited law enforcement officers to kill. 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