{"id":27923,"date":"2016-06-28T05:01:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T03:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/27923-us-france-backed-convicted-chad-dictator.html"},"modified":"2016-06-28T05:01:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T03:01:00","slug":"us-france-backed-convicted-chad-dictator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/27923-us-france-backed-convicted-chad-dictator.html","title":{"rendered":"US, France Backed Convicted Chad Dictator according to HRW"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>The United States and France supported Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, the former Chadian dictator who was convicted of atrocity crimes on May 30, 2016, throughout his rule, Human Rights Watch said in two reports released today.<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>The 64-page report, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2016\/06\/28\/enabling-dictator\/united-states-and-chads-hissene-habre-1982-1990\">Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad\u2019s Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 1982-1990s<\/a>,\u201d and the 142-page \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/fr\/report\/2016\/06\/28\/allie-de-la-france-condamne-par-lafrique\/les-relations-entre-la-france-et-le\">Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9: Supported by France, Convicted by Africa<\/a>,\u201d describe how France, and especially the United States, were pivotal in bringing Habr\u00e9 to power, despite his reputation for brutality<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Human Rights Watch describes how both the United States and France provided Habr\u00e9\u2019s government with critical support, even as it committed widespread and systematic human rights violations. The two countries saw Habr\u00e9 as a bulwark against the expansionist designs of Libya\u2019s Muammar Gaddafi, whose forces were occupying northern Chad.<\/p>\n<p> \u201cThe United States and France were well aware of Habr\u00e9\u2019s brutal record, and yet continued to support him throughout his rule,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/about\/people\/reed-brody\">Reed Brody<\/a>, counsel at Human Rights Watch who has worked with Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9\u2019s victims since 1999. \u201cBoth countries should examine how and why they supported a man convicted of crimes against humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Habr\u00e9 was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2016\/05\/30\/chads-ex-dictator-convicted-atrocities\">convicted of crimes against humanity, war crimes, and torture, including sexual violence and <\/a>rape, by the Extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese court system and sentenced to life in prison. The verdict came after his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicetribune.com\/articles\/victims-bring-dictator-justice\">victims worked for more than two decades<\/a>\u00a0to see him put on trial.<\/p>\n<p>Both the US and France should establish official inquiries to determine what officials knew about the commission of international crimes and whether any steps were taken to mitigate them, Human Rights Watch said.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/secretary\/remarks\/2016\/05\/257811.htm\">praising<\/a>\u00a0Habr\u00e9\u2019s \u201clandmark\u201d conviction, US Secretary of State John Kerry said it was \u201can opportunity for the United States to reflect on, and learn from, our own connection with past events in Chad.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Habr\u00e9\u2019s one-party rule was marked by widespread atrocities, including waves of ethnic cleansing. Files of Habr\u00e9\u2019s<a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2010\/03\/09\/inside-a-dictators-secret-police\/\">political police<\/a>, the Direction de la Documentation et de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (DDS), which Human Rights Watch <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2010\/03\/09\/inside-a-dictators-secret-police\/\">recovered<\/a>\u00a0in 2001, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrdag.org\/content\/chad\/State-Violence-in-Chad.pdf\">reveal<\/a>\u00a0the names of 1,208 people who were killed or died in detention, and 12,321 victims of human rights violations.<\/p>\n<p>Under President Ronald Reagan, the US provided covert assistance in 1981 and 1982 to Habr\u00e9\u2019s rebel forces to help him unseat president Goukouni Oueddei, who was seen as pro-Libyan, and then gave Habr\u00e9\u2019s government <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2014\/01\/24\/our-man-in-africa\/\">millions of dollars in military and security assistance<\/a>. While there is no evidence of direct US involvement in or active support for international crimes in Chad, the former director of the DDS, speaking at his torture trial in Chad in November 2014, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20141119-tchad-le-directeur-police-politique-sous-habre-nie-torture\">said<\/a>\u00a0that he was \u201cconstantly assisted by a CIA agent who provided me with advice.\u201d Recovered DDS documents show that a US embassy official whom the Chadians considered to be the \u201cliaison\u201d with the DDS visited the DDS headquarters \u2013 which included a torture chamber, and Habr\u00e9\u2019s underground \u201cPiscine\u201d prison \u2013 at the height of the repression against the Zaghawa ethnic group.<\/p>\n<p>The United States also used a secret base in Chad to create and train a small army of anti-Gaddafi Libyan \u201ccontras\u201d from among the ranks of captured Libyan troops. The leader of the \u201cContra\u201d force was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/02\/23\/unravelling\">Khalifa Haftar<\/a>. He now leads the Libyan National Army, which controls much of eastern Libya.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the abduction of the French anthropologist Fran\u00e7oise Claustre by Habr\u00e9\u2019s forces in 1974 and the murder of Captain Pierre Galopin, who went to Chad to negotiate her release in 1975, France also supported Habr\u00e9. France provided him with arms, logistical support and information, and carried out large military operations to help Chad push back Libyan forces. Each department of the Chadian military had a French adviser. The French intelligence service (DGSE) and the French Army also trained DDS and army officers, in some cases in France itself, including the current president, Idriss D\u00e9by Itno, who ousted Habr\u00e9 in a 1990 coup, and the former DDS director, Guihini Korei, who is now at large<\/p>\n<p>In one incident in mid-1983, France sent about 30 mercenaries to support Habr\u00e9 as he fought to stay in power against Libya and Libyan-backed Chadian factions. The mercenaries fought alongside Habr\u00e9\u2019s Chadian army troops at the battle of Faya-Largeau, where the army committed grave abuses. Shortly thereafter, France began Operation Manta, its largest deployment since the Algerian war. French airplanes were sometimes used to transport the government\u2019s prisoners.<\/p>\n<p>The Obama administration has strongly supported the victims in their campaign for justice. In a June 2013 meeting in Dakar with Senegal\u2019s president, Macky Sall, President Barack Obama hailed Senegal's efforts to prosecute Habr\u00e9. In April 2016, after the trial but before the verdict, the US ambassador to the United Nations, Samantha Power, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AmbassadorPower\/photos\/a.1445629179004852.1073741829.1445226922378411\/1791629657738134\/?type=3&amp;theater\">met in Chad with the victims and their lawyers<\/a>, and praised their pioneering efforts The US government contributed US$1 million, and France contributed \u20ac300,000 to the court\u2019s budget of approximately US$11 million.<\/p>\n<p>The article is published by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/\">Human Rights Watch<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The United States and France supported Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, the former Chadian dictator who was convicted of atrocity crimes on May 30, 2016, throughout his rule, Human Rights Watch said in two reports released today.The 64-page report, \u201cEnabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad\u2019s Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 1982-1990s,\u201d and the 142-page \u201cHiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9: Supported by France, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":61735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[567],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2167],"class_list":["post-27923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","ji_location-chad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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