{"id":30728,"date":"2016-11-21T22:29:23","date_gmt":"2016-11-21T21:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/30728-icc-african-protest-continues-but-does-not-spread.html"},"modified":"2016-11-21T22:29:23","modified_gmt":"2016-11-21T21:29:23","slug":"icc-african-protest-continues-but-does-not-spread","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/30728-icc-african-protest-continues-but-does-not-spread.html","title":{"rendered":"ICC African protest continues but does not spread"},"content":{"rendered":"

At the opening of the International Criminal Court\u2019s 15th Assembly of States Parties on November 16, protest against the Court by some African countries continued but did not, for the moment, spread. The withdrawal announcements in mid-October\u00a0 of Burundi, South Africa and Gambia \u2013 who say they will not change their decision \u2013 is being used by others as a warning to the ICC. On the first day of the talks, Russia announced it was withdrawing its signature from the Rome Treaty (founding document of the Court), further adding to an already tense atmosphere.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Even if the African protesters have accepted the dialogue offered, they are far from letting the ICC off the hook. \u201cThere is a status quo and lots of frustration,\u201d commented a European diplomat after the first three days of debate at the Assembly of the 124 member States meeting in The Hague. Burundi, South Africa and Gambia pulled out of the Court treaty in mid-October, but have come to The Hague. Their withdrawal only becomes effective in a year. As if to dampen the opening, Moscow announced it is withdrawing its signature from the ICC treaty. Russia has not ratified it, but has now ruled out any possibility of doing so and freed its hands to oppose the Court. The Prosecutor in February opened an investigation into crimes committed during the summer 2008 war in Georgia. Moscow\u2019s announcement, on the first day of the Assembly, did not stop the States accepting the \u201cdialogue\u201d\u00a0proposed. But South Africa asserted it would not change its mind. Taking the stand, Justice Minister Michael Masutha nevertheless promised that his country would not \u201cbecome a haven for fugitives\u201d and will reform its internal procedures accordingly. More precisely, he said that South Africa\u2019s withdrawal will not end its cooperation with the Court. This is unlike Burundi, whose ambassador claimed the pull-out was \u201cin the name of the Burundian people\u201d. This comes as Burundi is isolating itself from all international mechanisms, so it can be left alone to repress its population. South Africa says it does not support impunity, but had hoped for a different kind of Court.<\/p>\n

The June 2015 audience<\/h3>\n

Its Minister returned to the origin of Pretoria\u2019s defection: Omar Al Bashir\u2019s visit in June 2015. The Sudanese President, who is under two ICC arrest warrants, was among those invited to the African Union summit in South Africa. He was allowed to leave the country freely, despite a South African court decision that he should be arrested. However, Pretoria had consulted the ICC shortly beforehand, as allowed by Article 97 of its Statute. The Justice Ministry\u2019s legal advisor met with ICC Registrar Herman von Hebel to organize the logistics of his visit to The Hague, but found himself before an ICC judge in an audience. \u201cSouth Africa saw these consultations as being of a diplomatic, not a judicial nature,\u201d minister Michael Masutha explained to the Assembly. After this episode, Pretoria asked the last Assembly to clarify the provisions of Article 97, but without success. At the time, South Africa and others hoped for amendments to two articles which many see as contradictory. Article 27 removes immunity from Heads of State. Article 98, says the Court cannot request a State to act \u201cinconsistently with its obligations under international law with respect to the State or diplomatic immunity of a person or property of a third State\u201d. A number of countries regret that there has been no dialogue on these points. But for others, reopening the debate on immunity for Heads of State would be to attack the very heart of the Rome Treaty.\u00a0 Richard Dicker of Human Rights Watch says that deciding Heads of State can only be prosecuted after they leave office would encourage them to hang on to power for life and make militia leaders want their seat.<\/p>\n

The Al Bashir case is also uncomfortable for Uganda. Kampala regrets a recent decision of the Court accusing it of violating its obligations after it invited Bashir in February to the inauguration of newly re-elected President Yoweri Museveni. \u201cIt is no different from the invitation to Omar Al Bashir by the United Nations Secretary General\u201d to the ICC conference in Kampala in June 2010, said Ugandan prosecutor-general William Byaruhanga, who called for a \u201cfair balance\u201d between peace and justice. Otherwise Uganda, which was one of the Court\u2019s most virulent critics and was threatening to pull out, has now expressed firm support<\/p>\n

Heads of States\u2019 anger goes back to 2008 and the ICC Prosecutor\u2019s announcement of imminent arrest warrants against the Sudanese President. Khartoum has not ratified the Court\u2019s treaty, and so only the UN Security Council had the power to request an ICC investigation into crimes committed in the country. After the two arrest warrants were issued, the African Union asked the Security Council several times to suspend the procedures against Bashir, as it can do if it deems a case threatens international peace and security. \u201cIt is at this Assembly that we should debate judicial, political and diplomatic questions,\u201d the Assembly President, Senegalese Justice Minister Sidiki Kaba, reminded the participants. However, some questions can only be dealt with in New York.<\/p>\n

The power of Security Council members<\/h3>\n

But, as strongly denounced by Ghana and Namibia, Security Council members who have not ratified the ICC treaty \u2013 United States, China and Russia \u2013 can nevertheless request a Council intervention, or block it, as Russia has done over crimes in Syria. Damascus is not a member of the Court, and so only the Security Council can refer the case to the ICC. But Moscow used its veto against such a resolution. Ghana\u2019s ambassador Tony Aidoo slammed the so-called champions of human rights, the privileged few with a Council veto who \u201cnot only protect their prot\u00e9g\u00e9s\u201d\u00a0but have \u201cused international law in the interests of their dominant power\u201d. Aidoo is counting on the judgment of history which, he said, will remember that \u201cit is not African bombs that caused the humanitarian crises in Libya, Syria, Iraq, the Middle East, Afghanistan and Pakistan\u201d. Namibia also sees the veto as a passport to impunity. The Assembly President shares these concerns and said he thinks the \u201ccurrent system that came out of Yalta\u201d should be reformed. \u201cThe power of veto is not a privilege but a heavy responsibility,\u201d said Sidiki Kaba, \u201cand it should be waived for mass crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Donald Trump\u2019s election to the US presidency and Russia\u2019s now open opposition to the ICC makes it no doubt unlikely that the UN Security Council will refer any case to the ICC for a long time.<\/p>\n

Africa targeted?<\/h3>\n

Even the ICC\u2019s biggest supporters, like Botswana, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, deem it unfair that Africa is constantly being labelled bottom of the class worldwide. And the fact that the ICC has so far issued arrest warrants only against African leaders makes it worse. Will the protesters give the Court time to readjust its policy? In January, Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda opened an investigation on Georgia. She may do the same in coming weeks on Afghanistan. Namibia seems willing to wait and see. \u00a0Windhoek, which since the last Assembly has announced an imminent departure, has not yet packed its bags, according to the Justice Minister, and any possibility of withdrawal will be put to parliament. In the meantime, Issaskar Ndjoze hailed the Prosecutor\u2019s latest report on her preliminary examinations.<\/p>\n

In it, Bensouda details her most recent analyses of crimes committed in five countries outside Africa. She also evokes the possibility of opening an investigation on secret CIA prisons in Europe and has asked Poland, Lithuania and Romania if there are any investigations under way within their national systems. But Kenya does not seem impressed by this argument. The ICC case into crimes committed in that country in 2010 is not completely closed, and Nairobi is attacking, demanding reforms, and leaving everyone in doubt about whether it will pull out.<\/p>\n

The tone of debates<\/h3>\n

\u201cThis Assembly does not have a monopoly on the promotion and protection of human rights nor on the fight against impunity, despite claims to the contrary,\u201d said Kenya\u2019s ambassador Rose Makena Muchiri. Like Ghana and Uganda, Kenya regrets the tone of the debates and castigates the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights Zeid Al Hussein for saying at the Assembly opening \u201clet them go!\u201d. The threat of members leaving has been hanging over the ICC since 2013 and the Kenyatta case. Like the High Commissioner, some diplomats and NGOs do not want the Assembly to be taken hostage again. \u201cThe States Parties have been accused of deserting the victims of international crimes while passing themselves off as human rights defenders,\u201d said Rose Makena Muchiri, calling such accusations \u201csad and tragic\u201d at a time when \u201cAfrica continues to host millions of refugees that others call illegal immigrants\u201d.<\/p>\n

If there is one State that fears a collapse of the Court, it has to be Palestine. But taking the stand, its Foreign Minister Ryad Al Malki did not hide his disappointment as he urged the Prosecutor to open an investigation. \u201cThis Assembly is a minuet in a world of heavy metal!\u201d one lawyer commented. Whilst the debates continue, Alep and Mosul continu to count their dead.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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