{"id":30942,"date":"2016-12-06T15:40:20","date_gmt":"2016-12-06T14:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/30942-konys-killers-are-child-soldiers-accountable-when-they-become-men.html"},"modified":"2016-12-06T15:40:20","modified_gmt":"2016-12-06T14:40:20","slug":"konys-killers-are-child-soldiers-accountable-when-they-become-men","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/30942-konys-killers-are-child-soldiers-accountable-when-they-become-men.html","title":{"rendered":"Kony\u2019s killers \u2013 are child soldiers accountable when they become men?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

The trial of Dominic Ongwen, a senior member of the notorious Lord\u2019s Resistance Army, opens on Tuesday before the International Criminal Court in The Hague. Many horrors will be recounted, but the case also throws up deep ethical questions: is a child, brutalised and turned into a killer, fully responsible for his or her actions? If the abuses of government forces aren\u2019t also being investigated, at what point does it become victor\u2019s justice?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Abducted by the LRA at the age of 10, Ongwen<\/a> became a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of rebel leader Joseph Kony and was forced to witness and carry out acts of extreme violence. He will be appearing before Trial Chamber IX to answer 70 charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity. They include allegations of murder, rape, sexual slavery, torture, pillaging, and the conscription of children aged under 15 for combat.<\/p>\n

It is the first time in the history of the ICC where the alleged perpetrator himself was a child soldier.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI know it\u2019s a delicate balance. It\u2019s about accountability. It\u2019s about whether Ongwen was responsible for the atrocities or not,\u201d Herman von Hebel, the ICC registrar, told reporters on Monday in the Ugandan capital, Kampala.<\/p>\n

Sympathy<\/h3>\n

In northern Uganda, epicentre of the two-decade-long insurgency, Ongwen is not uniformly thought of as a monster. Among many former LRA child soldiers, now back in their communities after amnesty<\/a> and reconciliation programmes, there is sympathy.<\/p>\n

Like Ongwen, they were forced to commit serious crimes, and some fault the government for not having protected them.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe is a victim and not an abuser,\u201d Thomas Otim, a former LRA combatant, told IRIN. \u201cOngwen, like many of us, had to obey and execute Kony\u2019s orders. If he didn\u2019t, he could have been killed\u2026. He should be forgiven and pardoned.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even some LRA victims agree with Otim. Sarah Angee lost her parents and relatives in an LRA attack in her northern home district of Amuru.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs a victim and survivor, I have accepted to forgive Ongwen for the atrocities and suffering he caused,\u201d she told IRIN. \u201cAs a child soldier, he was conscripted and indoctrinated to kill, maim, rape women, mutilate, attack camps, abduct children, and other horrible atrocities.\u201d<\/p>\n

The LRA terrorised northern Uganda between 1987 and 2006. It emerged in the tumult of a divided Uganda, in which President Yoweri Museveni\u2019s southern-based National Resistance Movement had fought its way to Kampala and overthrown the short-lived military rule of Tito Okello, an Acholi. Although the LRA was an Acholi-based movement, its victims were overwhelmingly from its own community.<\/p>\n

In 2000, the government introduced a blanket amnesty for anyone who abandoned the group and renounced involvement in the war. Close to 30,000 took up the offer, but the government subsequently excluded the most senior commanders like Ongwen.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Ugandan
\n
Richard Mugisha\/IRIN<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

He is the only one of five indicted LRA figures to have surrendered, giving himself up in Central African Republic in January 2015. With the exception of Kony, the other three wanted men are believed to be dead.<\/p>\n

Rather than the ICC\u2019s retributive justice, Angee would like to see Ongwen pardoned and, like many of the ex-LRA who returned home, enrolled in a traditional Acholi reconciliation process known as Mato Oput<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cLet the ICC leave him to come back home and be given amnesty like other top LRA commanders. He will be cleansed and reconciled with the relatives and communities that he wronged and offended during the conflict through [our] local mechanism,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Meeting Ongwen<\/h3>\n

But Betty Oyell Bigombe, a senior director at the World Bank who \u2013 as a state minister for northern Uganda \u2013 worked for years to broker an end to the conflict, disagrees with the notion of pardoning Ongwen.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/strong>I met Ongwen during the peace talks. He was the most hostile. I was very scared of him,\u201d she told IRIN. \u201cOngwen can\u2019t be left to get off scot-free. It\u2019s true, Ongwen was abducted. It\u2019s true, he was a victim. But, like so many others, he had an opportunity to defect. But he didn\u2019t surrender for all those years. This raises a moral question. Why didn\u2019t he?<\/p>\n

\u201cI am a stronger believer in forgiveness. But forgiveness has to have a limit. Forgiveness has to have reasons. Victims never really recover if justice is never there. It wouldn\u2019t be good to see Ongwen in a suit driving a car and [the victims] have nothing,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhatever comes out of it [the trial] can be discussed,\u201d she added. \u201c[But] I also think this is important for the existence of the ICC. The ICC was created to protect the voiceless. It acts as deterrence so that any other person who has those intentions in future should know the consequences.\u201d<\/p>\n

Why mixed feelings?<\/h3>\n

Phil Clark, a Great Lakes expert at SOAS, University of London, believes victims' feelings toward Ongwen are mixed, and filtered through their own experiences.<\/p>\n

\u201cMany victims I have interviewed say they have children just like Ongwen \u2013 children who were abducted but who committed horrific atrocities, including back in their home communities. These victims therefore hate the crimes Ongwen has committed, but are sympathetic to him because of the way he was forced into the rebel ranks,\u201d he told IRIN.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Dominic Ongwen at a press conference soon after his surrender.\u00a0 Richard Mugisha\/IRIN<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Lino Owora Ogora, a transitional justice and peace-building activist based in the main northern city of Gulu, agrees with Clark over the tangled emotions stirred by the case.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe sentiments of victims towards forgiveness can also be explained\u00a0by the fact that for a long time amnesty was promoted and embraced by the people as a means of ending the conflict,\u201d he noted. \u201cBecause many commanders who surrendered before Ongwen were granted amnesty, the people feel he also deserves amnesty.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, I think the government politicised and manipulated the ICC in the war against the LRA. The government used the ICC to isolate the LRA from the international community and to officially label the LRA a terrorist organisation,\u201d said Ogora.<\/p>\n

\u201cHow else can you explain the fact that today the same government that invited in the ICC in the first place is the same government that has turned into a bitter critic of the ICC, with President Museveni openly calling the ICC a 'bunch of useless people'?\u201d<\/p>\n

But Clark also faults the ICC. \u201cAs part of the pre-referral negotiations, the ICC prosecutor promised the government there would be no investigations of state actors as long as the government cooperated with the court. The Ugandan government was only too willing to cooperate. This meant the ICC would target the government's opponents such as the LRA while protecting the state from the threat of prosecution,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn the eyes of affected communities in northern Uganda, this immediately delegitimises the ICC,\u201d Clark suggested. \u201cLocal communities view both the LRA and the government as responsible for the atrocities they have suffered. Some communities even see government crimes as worse because the state \u2013 unlike rebels \u2013 is supposed to guarantee citizens' protection and security.\u201d<\/p>\n

Government crimes<\/h3>\n

Ongwen\u2019s call to the dock on Tuesday has prompted fresh calls for investigations into alleged crimes committed by the army, the Ugandan People\u2019s Defence Force, during the long counter-insurgency war in the north, in which human rights violations were committed.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe need a full accounting for the atrocities, where both parties involved in the conflict have to account. The absence of accountability from the UPDF side will always remain an issue if not addressed,\u201d said Joyce Freda Apio, a transitional justice expert.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe heavy reliance by the Office of the Prosecutor\u00a0on evidence gathered by Ugandan military intelligence raises concern if what is being pursued is the victor's justice,\u201d she told IRIN.<\/p>\n

Clark said that by ignoring government atrocities \u201cfor the sake of expediency\u201d, the ICC had destroyed its reputation among the local communities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey see the court and the government as one and the same \u2013 and blame the court for protecting and even emboldening the state to continue committing crimes. For example, its violent crackdown against civilians in the three national elections held since the ICC intervened in Uganda.\u201d<\/p>\n

But Bigombe, the World Bank director and former state minister, sees that as disingenuous. \u201cThere have been complaints, but no organisation has communicated to [the] ICC and said, \u2018Could you investigate UPDF as well?\u2019 The ICC as an institution will not deal with outcries and rumours. If there was a letter or invitation to invite ICC to investigate the UPDF for their role in northern Uganda, I would be surprised if ICC turned their back.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Ugandan government referred the LRA case to the ICC in 2004 \u2013 alleged UPDF atrocities were not in the terms of reference. However, the government argues that it has always investigated allegations against its soldiers, and those found guilty have been punished harshly.<\/p>\n

But there was also the government\u2019s controversial strategy to force most of the population of the north into \u201cprotected villages\u201d, a policy condemned<\/a> by rights groups and local politicians.<\/p>\n

Ongwen will enter a plea of guilty or not guilty to the charges being brought against him on Tuesday. The court will then adjourn to 16 January, when the prosecution will begin presenting its evidence. It\u2019s a case Ugandans will follow with rapt attention.<\/p>\n

A decade on from leaving Uganda, the LRA now numbers just a few hundred, operating in the remotest regions of the Congo, CAR and Sudan, but the legacy of the group\u2019s violence still casts a long shadow over people\u2019s lives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The trial of Dominic Ongwen, a senior member of the notorious Lord\u2019s Resistance Army, opens on Tuesday before the International Criminal Court in The Hague. Many horrors will be recounted, but the case also throws up deep ethical questions: is a child, brutalised and turned into a killer, fully responsible for his or her actions? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":63618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[567],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2531],"class_list":["post-30942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","ji_location-uganda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKony\u2019s killers \u2013 are child soldiers accountable when they become men? - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/30942-konys-killers-are-child-soldiers-accountable-when-they-become-men.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kony\u2019s killers \u2013 are child soldiers accountable when they become men?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The trial of Dominic Ongwen, a senior member of the notorious Lord\u2019s Resistance Army, opens on Tuesday before the International Criminal Court in The Hague. 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Many horrors will be recounted, but the case also throws up deep ethical questions: is a child, brutalised and turned into a killer, fully responsible for his or her actions? 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