{"id":38933,"date":"2018-09-20T10:35:28","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T08:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/38933-dominic-ongwen-the-imperfect-poster-child-of-the-icc.html"},"modified":"2024-02-29T11:04:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T10:04:19","slug":"dominic-ongwen-the-imperfect-poster-child-of-the-icc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/38933-dominic-ongwen-the-imperfect-poster-child-of-the-icc.html","title":{"rendered":"Dominic Ongwen, the imperfect poster child of the ICC"},"content":{"rendered":"

On September 18, the defence of Dominic Ongwen has begun to present its case before the International Criminal Court. Of the five leaders of Uganda\u2019s Lord\u2019s Resistance Army indicted by the ICC, Ongwen is the only one in the dock. He is also a unique story of an abducted child soldier now tried as a war criminal.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

The Lord\u2019s Resistance Army (LRA) in Uganda earned a fearsome reputation over a thirty-year insurgency. Best known for abducting children and pressing them into service as soldiers, porters and sex slaves \u2013 a practise which, during the early 2000\u2019s, forced thousands of young people in northern Uganda to trek each evening into the safety of towns \u2013 the rebel group was also known for common brutality: hacking off limbs, descending into camps of displaced villagers, murdering and pillaging.<\/p>\n

The LRA leader Joseph Kony attained worldwide \u2018super-evil\u2019 status after an ill-conceived campaign<\/a> to argue for his capture went viral among American college kids. References to religious rites and mysticism helped to add mystique to the fanatical image Kony projected. That was back in 2012, when defeating the LRA appeared to outsiders \u2018doable\u2019 and worthy.<\/p>\n

The International Criminal Court (ICC) had already become an element in the \u2018get Kony\u2019 bandwagon when then prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo infamously met president Museveni in a London hotel in 2004 and agreed to investigate at Kampala\u2019s request. Interpol then added him to their \u2018most wanted\u2019 list. But the Hague\u2019s only prize out of its very first state referral was the unexpected surrender in 2015 of the lowest-ranking \u2013 and probably the only one still alive, apart from Kony \u2013 of the five people identified as deserving of ICC prosecution. Since Dominic Ongwen walked out of the bush in Central African Republic and American special forces handed him over to The Hague, this former abductee turned LRA henchman has been the prosecution\u2019s Uganda poster child.<\/p>\n

A perpetrator and a victim<\/h3>\n

The case against him was \u201cwell investigated\u201d, says Thijs Bouwknegt, assistant professor of the University of Amsterdam, \u201cin comparison with others at the court\u201d and has included tangible evidence such as audio recordings and contemporaneous notes on LRA communications, \u201cso perhaps this case will be able clearly to be proved beyond reasonable doubt\u201d. Nevertheless, as the ICC has failed to put the rest of the LRA leadership in the dock, (two others have been confirmed dead, and testimony regarding the killing of Kony\u2019s deputy Vincent Otti has been heard in court) it\u2019s curious that as \u201cmaybe, the least responsible on the list,\u201d Ongwen faces such a slew of charges. While based on specific crimes in specific places, the total \u2013 some 70 counts \u2013 is more than notorious defendants such as Liberian president and former rebel leader Charles Taylor and Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic have faced at other tribunals.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s also problematic, even though the evidence against him is considered strong, is that Ongwen is a victim as well. In other cases \u2013 consider the ICC\u2019s first prosecution, that of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo for recruitment of child soldiers \u2013 the Office of the Prosecutor has \u201cstressed that child soldiers are traumatized by default, just by being child soldiers\u201d says Bouwknegt. And the defence is going to make that contradictory status a central plank in their arguments.<\/p>\n

The trial has just entered a crucial stage, and in opening statements on September 18, defence counsel Krispus Ayena Odongo referred to this victim-perpetrator duality several times, for example, stating Ongwen \u201cwas just a child when he was abducted, brutalized and made in the bush with no mind of his own\u201d and asking the judges rhetorically whether his \u201cvictimhood ceased at any time during his captivity with the LRA?\u201d<\/p>\n

Ongwen\u2019s mental issues<\/h3>\n

Also at issue, and linked to the former child soldier arguments, will be Ongwen\u2019s current mental health status. Two mental health experts will be called to defend their early report for the defence \u2013 not accepted by the court \u2013 that concluded he was not fit to stand trial. Tom Maliti of the International Justice Monitor recalls that the court also heard at one point how Ongwen was suffering in detention as a result of the Dutch habit of excessive fireworks at New Year\u2019s which gave him recurrent nightmares of his life in the LRA. The question has been asked in court as to whether he\u2019s so traumatized he doesn\u2019t really know what\u2019s happening. Maliti speculates that a further effect of Ongwen\u2019s ill-health may be the limitations he has placed on the defence because \u201ctheir client has spent most of his life living in the bush in northern Uganda and other countries, isolated from normal life, so he may not be able to brief them on how to defend him\u201d. Certainly, the defence has shown a number of approaches, including both that their client acted under \u201cduress\u201d and that he exhibits \u201cStockholm Syndrome\u201d where he identifies with his abductor.<\/p>\n

To support these arguments, during the next few months, in amongst the usual dry legal court procedure the judges will also be hearing evidence on \u201cKony\u2019s spiritualism\u201d. Experts in the LRA cosmological order, discussion of local Acholi cultural practices, and an extension of the debate on whether western legal practice is suitable for complex African situations, are all due to come up, as the defence makes its case. Maliti expects up to 66 witnesses to be called, including some of Kony\u2019s own children who could explain how Kony\u2019s spiritual powers dominated his followers \u201cand what hold he had over LRA members of all ranks\u201d.<\/p>\n

Justice seen from Northern Uganda<\/h3>\n

Gladys Oroma, a journalist based in Gulu, has spent last year researching a long audio series<\/a> telling the stories of those affected by LRA violence and asking what justice may mean to them. The most positive view of the Ongwen case, she says, is that it might help focus some attention on the north of Uganda, where people just want \u201csomething to change their lives\u201d. But many see The Hague proceedings as essentially part of the long process of covering up the reality that more than one side in the conflict committed crimes. \u201cThey want justice from both sides\u201d she says, including the Ugandan army. In its opening remarks, the defense made the most of allegations that the government itself committed atrocities, arguing that \u201cthis is a political case\u201d and Ongwen himself is a \u201ccomplex political victim\u201d. That Kony himself is not in the dock as he is assumed hiding out in the \u201cbadlands\u201d between the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo is also a matter of regret to the prosecution, says Bouwknegt, because it would \u201cmake their case stronger both in fact and in public opinion\u201d.<\/p>\n

The part of the defence case that is expected to provoke strong interest, says Oroma, is testimony from those closest to Ongwen, his former wives. People are wondering \u201chow they could have gone through forceful rape themselves and then defend him\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

Whatever evidence the defence puts forward to show that their client\u2019s state of mind, and whether he is a victim rather than a perpetrator, the discussion about the extent to which he could and should face punishment will certainly continue whatever the verdict. Indeed, argues Bouwknegt, \u201cthere may be a stage, after the defence, when all parties discuss mitigating factors: can he be held liable and to what extent?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On September 18, the defence of Dominic Ongwen has begun to present its case before the International Criminal Court. Of the five leaders of Uganda\u2019s Lord\u2019s Resistance Army indicted by the ICC, Ongwen is the only one in the dock. He is also a unique story of an abducted child soldier now tried as a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":63604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[562],"tags":[2685],"ji_location":[2531],"class_list":["post-38933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icc","tag-dominic-ongwen-en","ji_location-uganda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDominic Ongwen, the imperfect poster child of the ICC - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/38933-dominic-ongwen-the-imperfect-poster-child-of-the-icc.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dominic Ongwen, the imperfect poster child of the ICC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On September 18, the defence of Dominic Ongwen has begun to present its case before the International Criminal Court. 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