{"id":39791,"date":"2018-12-17T08:20:31","date_gmt":"2018-12-17T07:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html"},"modified":"2022-01-10T12:58:39","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T11:58:39","slug":"international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html","title":{"rendered":"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Universal jurisdiction, which allows a country to prosecute any person for serious crimes committed anywhere in the world, is in the frontline of some prosecution strategies, notably with regard to crimes committed in Syria. In Paris, we visited France\u2019s specialized unit for tracking international crimes, the \u201cCentral Office to fight Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and War Crimes\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The unit\u2019s logo is a sword with the scales of justice balanced on its tip and the words \u201cHora fugit, stat jus\u201d \u2013 time passes, the law endures. Situated in Paris, its mission is to track the perpetrators of imprescriptible crimes in France and the rest of the world. The Central Office to fight Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and War Crimes (OCLCH), set up in 2013, is at work and is determined to obtain results, says Colonel Eric Emeraux, who has been at its head for the last year.<\/p>\n<p>The office\u2019s 15 gendarmes (paramilitary police) and 4 police officers are the strong arm of <a href=\"en\/hirondelle-news\/23544-en-en-050711-francejustice-new-law-creating-a-special-investigative-unit-adopted-by-french-deputies1435714357.html\">France\u2019s special judicial unit for tracking international crimes<\/a>. Colonel Emeraux\u2019s tone is careful and precise but also combative. This office, created by decree five years ago, is gaining strength and has become visible in 2018 thanks to a quite substantial (non-exhaustive) list of actions: in March, questioning of an Iraqi refugee suspected of having participated in Daesh massacres; in April, the arrest in Cameroon of a Rwandan wanted in France for genocide; in June, extradition of a Bosnian wanted in his country for crimes against humanity; and in September, the <a href=\"en\/tribunals\/national-tribunals\/38794-paris-arrest-a-new-step-to-justice-for-liberian-war-crimes.html\">arrest of a former Liberian militia leader<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"boorder: 1px solid #ccc;\"><div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/38794-paris-arrest-a-new-step-to-justice-for-liberian-war-crimes.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4c67fc9d8e10bfa27167bad2d6d7b61c-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4c67fc9d8e10bfa27167bad2d6d7b61c-540x360.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4c67fc9d8e10bfa27167bad2d6d7b61c.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/38794-paris-arrest-a-new-step-to-justice-for-liberian-war-crimes.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tParis arrest a new step to justice for Liberian war crimes\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>From Syria to Syria<\/h3>\n<p>Every day, Eric Emeraux and his team climb a long staircase and pass the floor of their counterparts in Organized Crime, to reach their offices located east of Paris in an impressive stone building. The offices smell new. Emeraux\u2019s team has just returned there after several years of exile at the Rosny Fort, in the southern suburbs of Paris. They are now closer to the magistrates of the Specialized Unit - 3 prosecutors and 3 investigating judges - with whom they work on a daily basis. And this is the place where members of the Paris gendarmerie research section, precursors of the OCLCH <a href=\"en\/hirondelle-news\/23279-en-en-140411-francejustice-french-research-section-works-on-genocide1408914089.html\">whom Hirondelle met in April 2011<\/a>, worked on Rwandan cases that led to the only two trials so far held in France under universal jurisdiction: that of <a href=\"en\/tribunals\/national-tribunals\/30924-french-court-confirms-rwandan%E2%80%99s-25-year-sentence-for-genocide.html\">Pascal Simbikangwa<\/a>, sentenced on appeal in 2016, and Octavian Ngenzi and Tito Barahira, <a href=\"en\/tribunals\/national-tribunals\/37916-france-upholds-life-sentences-for-rwanda-genocide-mayors.html\">sentenced on appeal in July this year<\/a> for their participation in the 1994 genocide. These two first instance and two appeals trials each cost 1 million Euros, according to Catherine Champrenault, Attorney General at the Paris Court of Appeal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For the record, it was other members of the Paris SR (research section) that investigated police officer Paul Touvier, a Second World War collaborator who in 1994 became the first French person convicted of crimes against humanity, and that participated in the hunt for Alo\u00efs Brunner, one of the big Nazi criminals who is said to have died in Damascus, Syria.<\/p>\n<p>And it is Syria that is now the top priority among 105 cases covering some 15 countries that are piling up on the investigators\u2019 desks. The Office\u2019s portfolio has almost doubled in the last year, notably because of 35 files sent to it by Ofpra (French office for protection of refugees and stateless people), which has an obligation to flag asylum seekers suspected of having committed serious crimes. These files have been dubbed in investigators\u2019 jargon&nbsp;\u201c1F\u201d, in reference to the article of the 1951 Geneva Convention that allows them to be excluded from asylum whilst offering protection against expulsion. \u201cWe are working more and more on asylum seekers who are excluded from the convention,\u201d says Colonel Emeraux. \u201cMany of them come from Syria, Iraq and Africa. It\u2019s just the beginning. Ofpra transfers the files to the Paris Attorney General\u2019s office which refers some five cases per month to us. With all these 1F we will see how we can build procedures, establish the facts -- knowing that what we are experiencing here in France, other countries are experiencing too.<\/p>\n<h3>The Caesar effect<\/h3>\n<p>Before heading the OCLCH, Eric Emeraux was in Sarajevo, as security attach\u00e9 at the French Embassy. It was his first post abroad after 30 years of service in the army and gendarmerie. This meeting with the realities of post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina has made him more aware of the need for cooperation between countries and between the military and judicial spheres. \u201cLiving in Bosnia for five years has made me more aware,\u201d he says,\u201d that there is a link between our country and what is happening outside our borders, up to a point, because there are individuals who have committed the worst atrocities coming to hide in France. The international affects the national, and so in the end we are protecting French interests.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Since arriving at the OCLCH, Emeraux has seen the case files\u2019 centre of gravity shift. Rwanda (17 cases) is now in third position after Syria (25) and the Central African Republic (18). They are followed by cases linked to Sri Lanka (7), Liberia (5), Libya (5) and Iraq (2). The <a href=\"en\/tribunals\/national-tribunals\/2306-taking-a-closer-look-at-the-french-probe-on-syria.html\">Caesar report<\/a> (codename of an ex-military police photographer who fled Syria with some 55,000 photos of torture victims) transmitted to at least six European countries is a top French priority and is emblematic. Caesar's reach has spread, first from the Office to other departments in the Ile-de-France assisting a six-person investigation unit, and then across the border to a joint Franco-German investigation team. Finally, through personal exchanges and the connection of databases, this reach spreads to the <a href=\"en\/other\/39637-what-s-behind-the-rise-of-evidence-gathering-bodies.html\">UN\u2019s M3I mechanism<\/a>, led by a French magistrate -- which is responsible for gathering evidence on crimes in Syria and making it available to investigation services and competent judicial authorities - and structures such as CIJA, Eurojust or Europol, which in February 2018 officially launched a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europol.europa.eu\/crime-areas-and-trends\/crime-areas\/genocide-crimes-against-humanity-and-war-crimes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cooperation project<\/a> (AP CIC) dedicated to international crimes.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"boorder: 1px solid #ccc;\"><div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39637-what-s-behind-the-rise-of-evidence-gathering-bodies.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/23fd9d8632e3792d59ca3806440d6fda-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39637-what-s-behind-the-rise-of-evidence-gathering-bodies.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tWhat\u2019s behind the rise of evidence-gathering bodies\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Interconnectivity is key<\/h3>\n<p>Caesar is not the only catalyst for cooperation, from which other cases also benefit. For example, it was the new Europol project that allowed the OCLCH to track down the Rwandan suspect it wanted in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon. \u201cWith regard to interconnectivity, we are just at the beginning,\u201d says the office\u2019s second in command Nicolas Le Coz.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are evolving in a very efficient world,\u201d adds Colonel Emeraux, who sees his team \u201ca bit like a start-up\u201d, motivated by objectives and results, by international exchanges and the support of state-of-the-art technological tools. \u201cOn the IT level, everything has been in place since mid-November,\u201d he announces. \u201cWe work with software that will allow us to enter an enormous amount of information in the database and which is immediately compatible with<\/p>\n<p>Europol and the M3I. It has taken us six months to find the funding, the technicians and set everything up.\u201d Emeraux also says he is pleased to have met people with \u201cgreat expertise\u201d from NGOs like Swiss-based Civitas Maxima on Liberia war crimes and the USA\u2019s Physicians for Human Rights (which has produced an application allowing doctors faced with torture cases to record trial-ready evidence).<\/p>\n<p>The OCLCH, like its colleagues in the Organized Crime division, has investigators specialized in IT, social media and financial tracking. They divide the work according to three main geographical zones: Africa, Middle East and the rest of the world. And each investigator manages their priorities according to the following equation summed up by Emeraux: \u201cEither we have a suspect and we have to find witnesses or victims to flesh out the case; or we have victims and witnesses and we have to find the perpetrators. Our goal is the trial.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universal jurisdiction, which allows a country to prosecute any person for serious crimes committed anywhere in the world, is in the frontline of some prosecution strategies, notably with regard to crimes committed in Syria. In Paris, we visited France\u2019s specialized unit for tracking international crimes, the \u201cCentral Office to fight Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":61573,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566,2801],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2231],"class_list":["post-39791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","category-universal-jurisdiction","ji_location-france"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Universal jurisdiction, which allows a country to prosecute any person for serious crimes committed anywhere in the world, is in the frontline of some prosecution strategies, notably with regard to crimes committed in Syria. In Paris, we visited France\u2019s specialized unit for tracking international crimes, the \u201cCentral Office to fight Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JusticeInfo.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-12-17T07:20:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-01-10T11:58:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/a0dfe75efa72bf2660a9ebe84cb0e2aa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1122\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"610\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Franck Petit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@FranckF_P\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@justiceinfonet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Franck Petit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"fpetit\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/594d5223f847f747608174d9c27d1abc\"},\"headline\":\"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-12-17T07:20:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-10T11:58:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\"},\"wordCount\":1281,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/a0dfe75efa72bf2660a9ebe84cb0e2aa.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"National tribunals\",\"Universal jurisdiction\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html\",\"name\":\"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit - 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In Paris, we visited France\u2019s specialized unit for tracking international crimes, the \u201cCentral Office to fight Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_published_time":"2018-12-17T07:20:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-01-10T11:58:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1122,"height":610,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/a0dfe75efa72bf2660a9ebe84cb0e2aa.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Franck Petit","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@FranckF_P","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Franck Petit","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html"},"author":{"name":"fpetit","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/594d5223f847f747608174d9c27d1abc"},"headline":"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit","datePublished":"2018-12-17T07:20:31+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-10T11:58:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html"},"wordCount":1281,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/a0dfe75efa72bf2660a9ebe84cb0e2aa.jpg","articleSection":["National tribunals","Universal jurisdiction"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/39791-international-crimes-spotlight-on-france-s-war-crimes-unit.html","name":"International crimes: spotlight on France\u2019s war crimes unit - 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