{"id":41507,"date":"2019-05-24T08:04:25","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T06:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html"},"modified":"2019-05-24T08:04:25","modified_gmt":"2019-05-24T06:04:25","slug":"south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html","title":{"rendered":"South African justice reopens apartheid cases"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In 2003, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission had referred 300 cases to the courts. But state agents suspected of serious crimes under apartheid have hardly been prosecuted. 25 years after the end of segregationist rule, South African justice is reopening some cases of police killings of anti-apartheid activists.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>On 27 October 1971, the parents of South African anti-apartheid activist <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ahmedtimol.co.za\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ahmed Timol<\/a> were informed that their son had committed suicide by throwing himself out of the window of room 1026 of John Vorster Square, the notorious police headquarters in central Johannesburg.<\/p>\n<p>Timol was a member of the South African Communist Party. He was also a well-loved teacher. His family was convinced that he was murdered by the security police. This view was widely accepted by everyone who opposed the apartheid state at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Writing under his pen-name \u201cFrank Talk\u201d, the black consciousness leader Steve Biko <a href=\"http:\/\/disa.ukzn.ac.za\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf_files\/sajan72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expressed<\/a> his disdain for the patently fabricated claims:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The late Ahmed Timol was \u2018prevented\u2019 from dashing through the door but it was found impossible to stop him from \u2018jumping\u2019 through the 10th floor window of Vorster Square to his death.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Biko\u2019s article appeared in the widely-circulated newsletter of the South African Students Organisation in early 1972. Not long after that the banned African National Congress (ANC) submitted a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sahistory.org.za\/archive\/memorandum-submitted-by-the-african-national-congress-of-south-africa-to-the-un-decolonisation-committee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memorandum<\/a> to the United Nations calling for South Africa\u2019s expulsion from the world body and for the denunciation of apartheid as a crime against humanity.<\/p>\n<p>The memorandum asserts what was common-knowledge at the time \u2013 Timol\u2019s death was not the result of suicide but of murder. A short time later Magistrate JJL de Villiers ruled at an inquest that no one was responsible for Timol\u2019s death.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"pull-left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Ahmed Timol (The Conversation)\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274130\/original\/file-20190513-183100-12nja9a.jpg\" alt=\"Ahmed Timol (The Conversation)\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" \/><figcaption>Ahmed Timol \/ <a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahmedtimol.co.za\/photo-gallery\">ahmedtimol.co.za<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It took 46 years for the truth about Timol\u2019s murder to be <a href=\"https:\/\/ewn.co.za\/Topic\/Ahmed-Timol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recognised<\/a> in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/world\/article-apartheids-victims-bring-the-crimes-of-south-africas-past-into-court\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">court of law<\/a>. Although there have been significant cases that have provided evidence of the transformation of South Africa\u2019s criminal justice system post-1994, this case is the first to enact what can be properly understood as restorative justice.<\/p>\n<p>A judge has ordered that Joao \u201cJan\u201d Rodrigues, a Security Branch clerk and ostensibly the last person to have seen Timol before his death, be charged with Timol\u2019s murder and with defeating or obstructing the administration of justice. Rodrigues has sought a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeslive.co.za\/news\/south-africa\/2019-02-20-no-reason-not-to-prosecute-joao-rodrigues-argues-timol-family\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">permanent stay of prosecution<\/a> and the judgement in the matter has been reserved.<\/p>\n<p>If the stay is granted it will apply not only to Rodrigues but to all former Security Branch and former state agents who would effectively be exempted from being held to account for their actions in the future. Rodrigues\u2019s defence has argued that a trial against him would be unfair due to the time that has lapsed since Timol\u2019s murder.<\/p>\n<p>In another recent development South Africa\u2019s Minister of Justice announced the re-opening of the inquest into the death of trade unionist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news24.com\/SouthAfrica\/News\/another-apartheid-era-inquest-to-be-opened-by-police-20190426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neil Aggett<\/a>, who allegedly committed suicide after being detained and tortured by the Security Police in 1982.<\/p>\n<p>In a similar way to those who committed crimes as part of the National Socialist regime in Germany during the Second World War, almost all of the apartheid-era perpetrators have been absorbed into civilian life and have not been punished.<\/p>\n<p>The re-opening of these cases creates the possibility for the perpetrators to be tried for committing crimes against humanity. This has the potential to radically shift how people think about what apartheid was, how it continues to affect the present, and how people experience and understand impunity and injustice.<\/p>\n<h2>Victims of violence<\/h2>\n<p>In 1995 a court-like body called the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission<\/a> (TRC) was assembled in South Africa. Anybody who felt they had been a victim of violence during apartheid could come forward and be heard. Perpetrators of violence could also give testimony and request amnesty from prosecution. Hawa Timol testified about her son\u2019s murder.<\/p>\n<p>However, not one of the Security Police officers involved in Timol\u2019s arrest and interrogation came forward. Nor did anyone ask for amnesty for their part in Timol\u2019s murder. In 1971 he was the 22nd person to die in detention at the hands of the Security Police since the introduction of detention without trial. Timol was the seventh person to have allegedly committed suicide.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=377&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=377&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=377&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/274132\/original\/file-20190513-183083-1yx89b7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Ahmed Timol was a teacher at the time of his death.<\/span> <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahmedtimol.co.za\/photo-gallery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ahmedtimol.co.za<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Following the TRC hearings, Imtiaz Cajee, Timol\u2019s nephew, vowed to seek justice for his family. His extensively researched book, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ahmedtimol.co.za\/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cTimol: Quest for Justice\u201d<\/a>, was published in 2005.<\/p>\n<p>In 2017 the Timol inquest was finally re-opened. On 12 October Judge Billy Mothle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politicsweb.co.za\/documents\/ahmed-timol-was-murdered--justice-billy-mothle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delivered<\/a> a landmark judgement and overturned the findings of the 1972 inquest. The judgement affirmed what the Timol family had maintained all along \u2013 Ahmed Timol did not commit suicide but was murdered by members of the Security Branch of the South African Police after being interrogated and tortured.<\/p>\n<h2>Justice delayed<\/h2>\n<p>In 2003 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">final report<\/a> was released. Three hundred cases involving gross violations of human rights were handed over to the National Prosecuting Authority on the understanding that they would be investigated and that those responsible would be prosecuted.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, the state\u2019s failure to pursue the TRC cases was exposed when Thembi Nkadimeng sought to compel the National Prosecution Authority to prosecute the Security Branch officers accused of torturing and murdering her sister, Nokuthula Simelane, an anti-apartheid activist who was abducted in 1983. It emerged that \u2018political interference\u2019 ensured that the matter was blocked.<\/p>\n<p>On 5 February 2019 ten TRC commissioners wrote a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijr.org.za\/2019\/02\/08\/ijr-endorses-letter-by-former-trc-commissioners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter<\/a> to President Cyril Ramaphosa. They called for a commission of inquiry to investigate why the TRC cases have not been pursued. In their letter, the commissioners argue that:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The failure to investigate and prosecute those who were not amnestied represents a deep betrayal of all those who participated in good faith in the TRC process. It completely undermines the very basis of South Africa\u2019s historic transition.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The re-opening of the Timol and Aggett cases deepens public knowledge and understanding of the many cases of people who were tortured and murdered under apartheid. It also serves as a reminder that those responsible for committing atrocities have almost without exception evaded responsibility and have never been held accountable for their deeds.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Ci-dessous se trouve le compteur de pages de The Conversation. Veuillez ne pas l'enlever. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/116843\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- Fin du code. Si vous ne voyez aucun code ci-dessus, veuillez obtenir un nouveau code dans l'onglet \u00ab Avanc\u00e9 \u00bb apr\u00e8s avoir cliqu\u00e9 sur le bouton \u00ab Republier \u00bb. Le compteur de pages ne collecte aucune donn\u00e9e personnelle. Plus d'informations : http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kylie-thomas-561867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kylie Thomas<\/a>, Associate Researcher at the Institute for Reconciliation and Social Justice at the University of the Free State, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-the-free-state-1944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of the Free State<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ahmed-timol-the-quest-for-justice-for-people-murdered-in-apartheids-jails-116843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2003, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission had referred 300 cases to the courts. But state agents suspected of serious crimes under apartheid have hardly been prosecuted. 25 years after the end of segregationist rule, South African justice is reopening some cases of police killings of anti-apartheid activists.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":64243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2477],"class_list":["post-41507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","ji_location-south-africa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>South African justice reopens apartheid cases - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South African justice reopens apartheid cases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2003, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission had referred 300 cases to the courts. 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But state agents suspected of serious crimes under apartheid have hardly been prosecuted. 25 years after the end of segregationist rule, South African justice is reopening some cases of police killings of anti-apartheid activists.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_published_time":"2019-05-24T06:04:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":926,"height":620,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1e7b50560ea369b1df9512c363b171f5.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Kylie Thomas","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kylie Thomas","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html"},"author":{"name":"solivri","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6e53cba1629e2e66f3fc1821d3091865"},"headline":"South African justice reopens apartheid cases","datePublished":"2019-05-24T06:04:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html"},"wordCount":1074,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1e7b50560ea369b1df9512c363b171f5.jpg","articleSection":["National tribunals"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/41507-south-african-justice-reopens-apartheid-cases.html","name":"South African justice reopens apartheid cases - 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