{"id":43205,"date":"2019-12-10T08:18:53","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T07:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/43205-gambia-trail-deadly-witch-doctors-jammeh-region.html"},"modified":"2019-12-10T08:18:53","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T07:18:53","slug":"gambia-trail-deadly-witch-doctors-jammeh-region","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43205-gambia-trail-deadly-witch-doctors-jammeh-region.html","title":{"rendered":"Gambia: On the trail of deadly witch doctors in Jammeh\u2019s region"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission has been holding public hearings in different villages in Gambia\u2019s countryside. Trying to find out who was responsible for a witch hunt, allegedly ordered by former president Yahya Jammeh, that cost dozens of lives and affected many families.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Last week, Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) completed its fourth week of investigations into a witch-hunting campaign that affected dozens of people ten years ago. In 2009, Gambia\u2019s president Yahya Jammeh \u2013 who ruled the country from July 1994 to January 2017 \u2013 allegedly decided on a witch-hunt in which people suspected of witchcraft were forced to drink concoctions that allegedly sent dozens to their graves. So far, the TRRC has counted 39 victims who are believed to have been poisoned to death during the campaign.\u00a0People from four highly affected communities have testified before the TRRC while the Commission has been traveling and holding hearings in some of the most affected villages, including Essau, Sibanor and Jambur.<\/p>\n

Sibanor is one of many settlements in Foni, a region where Jammeh still enjoys significant political support, nearly three years after he was forced into exile. The five National Assembly members of Jammeh\u2019s Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction Party (APRC) all come from Foni. On roadsides one can see many green flags, the colour of the APRC party.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Here, during the witch-hunt in 2009, people were forcefully captured from several communities. According to testimonies before the TRRC, those captured in Foni were taken to Kanilai, Jammeh\u2019s home village, two hours drive from the capital city, Banjul.<\/p>\n

\"The
A hearing of the Truth Commission in the Foni region.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThe way you look shows you are a witch\u201d<\/h3>\n

Mustapha Fanneh, 73, was one of those captured in Sintet, a village located half an hour drive from Kanilai, and one of those affected by the witch-hunting campaign. Fanneh was Sintet\u2019s village head. Like dozens of other victims, he was put under the escort of soldiers and Green Youths, a civilian vigilante group associated with Jammeh.\u00a0As they arrived in Kanilai in two filled-up buses, they were taken to the residence of the former President, said Fanneh to the TRRC.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Several witnesses said the place where they were given a concoction was like a toilet. However, no one knew what the concoction was made of. Very few remembered their immediate actions after drinking while some would only occasionally recall vomiting.\u00a0After drinking the concoction, Fanneh recalled that the witch doctors and the leader of the accompanying soldiers, Major Solo Bojang, insisted that they must confess about people they had allegedly killed through witchcraft.\u00a0Fatou Camara, a native of Sintet and the third witness to have testified in Sibanor, faced a similar fate.\u00a0\u201cWe were forced to drink a concoction on the second day because we would not agree we were witches. We were all given second doses for refusing to admit that,\u201d she said.\u00a0\u201cThey would look at people and say that even the way you are, your appearance, shows you are a witch.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Death along the Gambia River<\/h3>\n

Essau is separated from Banjul by a four-mile river crossing. Serene, it is one of many communities that are settled along the river that splits Gambia in the middle. This is where the TRRC sat on December 3.\u00a0Here, according to head counts from various testimonies, eight of the victims allegedly died from the concoction they were given to drink.\u00a0Like the victims from Jambur, people captured in Essau were taken to Kololi, an urban settlement half an hour drive from Banjul.<\/p>\n

Aja Mba Jai Drammeh is one of the witnesses who appeared before the Commission in Essau. She was not a direct victim but her daughter, Binta Ceesay, was.\u00a0Drammeh explained how Binta was captured in Essau and taken to Barra where she was given a concoction. After drinking it, Binta started struggling with a boil on her knee and excessive vomiting.\u00a0She died shortly after. \u201cBinta would keep crying because of her young family. She had twins,\" said Drammeh, who has taken care of Binta\u2019s children ever since.<\/p>\n

Under the tent set up by the TRRC, Drammeh\u2019s relatives started to cry. They were not the only ones moved by Drammeh\u2019s story. Imam Ousainou Jallow, one of the commissioners of the TRRC, pledged to support Drammeh\u2019s family with financial assistance every month.<\/p>\n

\"The
The public attends a session of the Truth Commission in Essau.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The connections with Jammeh<\/h3>\n

Unlike in most alleged criminal acts investigated by the Commission for almost a year, very few perpetrators have so far testified about who played any role in Jammeh\u2019s alleged witch hunt.\u00a0The former chief of the Gambian police, Ensa Badgie, confessed helping to facilitate the work of the witch doctors at the police headquarters.\u00a0He told the Commission that he was called by Jammeh and instructed to comply with the witch doctors.\u00a0\u201cFormer President Yahya Jammeh telephoned me personally. He told me Major Solo Bojang and some marabouts were coming. He told me: if you don\u2019t comply, your head will roll. And if anyone does not comply, make sure the person is sacked,\u201d Badgie testified.\u00a0Within ten minutes after the call, the witch doctors arrived at his office. They were dressed in a red attire that had small mirrors and cowrie shells on it and took off with dancing, drumming and chanting.<\/p>\n

Witnesses said that the witch doctors were being protected by soldiers led by Major Solo Bojang, a member of Jammeh\u2019s hit-squad that was taking orders directly from him.\u00a0Vehicles transporting the marabouts were identified by people to have come from State House. In Jammeh\u2019s region, people captured testified having been given the poisonous concoction at the President\u2019s own residence.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tGambia\u2019s Truth Commission and Yahya Jammeh\u2019s witch hunters\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

The confession of police chief Omar Jawo<\/h3>\n

In March 2009, when the witch hunters arrived in Essau, Omar Jawo was the head of the police in the region. He was the first alleged perpetrator to appear since the TRRC started its community hearings outside Banjul. All the others were victims. According to evidence before the Commission, Jawo had participated in the capture of the so-called witches and wizards.\u00a0Jawo admitted that he escorted the \u201cwitch doctors\u201d around in Barra and Essau, as well as captives who were being transported to Kololi, away from their homes.\u00a0He also said he was taking orders from Major Bojang and he described the conditions under which he found other captives at a compound in Kololi. \u201cI met some people in a very bad condition. I regretted why I was there. I saw people crying. It was inhumane. I even regretted why I escorted people there,\u201d said Jawo. \u201cAt that time, it was darks days. You just have to be loyal to Yahya Jammeh.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYou went to the homes of respected people in this community, took them out of their homes and participated in parading them as witches,\u201d stated Essa Faal, the TRRC lead counsel.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI did not deny being there but it was led by Major Solo Bojang and witch doctors,\u201d\u00a0replied Jawo.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnd your presence gave it the official approval, didn\u2019t it?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cIt could be.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is indeed. The presence of the police, especially the highest-ranking police officer in the region, made it an official sanction.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cIt could be.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThat is to put it mildly. This is the fact.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cOk, but I dared not to back out\u2026\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cYou see, the issue is the witch doctor is not an employee of the state. You were an employee of the state with power and you arrested people and detained them. That is the difference here. If someone stood somewhere in the street and say \u2018I am a witch doctor\u2019, nobody will look at him or her. But if the witch doctors stand there with the chief of the police, that makes a world of difference, doesn\u2019t it?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cA 16-year old boy who was to sit for an exam was taken away. What did you do to stop it?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI cannot stop it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cA suckling mother of twins was taken away to be given a concoction. What did you do to stop it?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat could I have done? Even the IGP [Inspector General of Police] could not do anything.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cAn eight-month pregnant woman was taken away, did you stop it?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI cannot stop it, Essa.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cYou went after the people as a free man. You went around and took these people from their compounds, didn\u2019t you?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI cannot deny that.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cDo you accept that these arrests were unlawful?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes. But I will have to do it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBy the time you did it, you knew what you were doing was unlawful?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes. I was the police officer in command. As a senior man I did it but I was under duress.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYou did not do it as a senior man, you did it as an individual.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNo.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cSo, you now want to deny that you physically and individually went into town to capture people for the witch hunters?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNo. I was under duress.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat was the duress?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIf I did not do it, I would be in a hot soup.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cBut that is a speculation, isn\u2019t it?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cMaybe.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission has been holding public hearings in different villages in Gambia\u2019s countryside. Trying to find out who was responsible for a witch hunt, allegedly ordered by former president Yahya Jammeh, that cost dozens of lives and affected many families.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":65853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[542],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2509],"class_list":["post-43205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-commissions","ji_location-gambia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGambia: On the trail of deadly witch doctors in Jammeh\u2019s region - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43205-gambia-trail-deadly-witch-doctors-jammeh-region.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gambia: On the trail of deadly witch doctors in Jammeh\u2019s region\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission has been holding public hearings in different villages in Gambia\u2019s countryside. 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