{"id":43814,"date":"2020-02-14T08:26:44","date_gmt":"2020-02-14T07:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/43814-gambia-the-supreme-islamic-council-pointed-at-for-its-obedience-to-jammeh.html"},"modified":"2020-02-14T08:26:44","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T07:26:44","slug":"gambia-the-supreme-islamic-council-pointed-at-for-its-obedience-to-jammeh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43814-gambia-the-supreme-islamic-council-pointed-at-for-its-obedience-to-jammeh.html","title":{"rendered":"Gambia: The Supreme Islamic Council pointed at for its obedience to Jammeh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Their turn may come in response to criticism when the hearings of the Gambia's Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission resume on Monday, 17 February. The leaders of the Supreme Islamic Council were seriously questioned for their zealous obedience to former President Yahya Jammeh in a series of hearings on measures taken against religious minorities.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In December 2015, Gambia\u2019s president Yahya Jammeh declared the small West African country of 2 million people an Islamic state. The news was particularly disturbing for the little over 130,000 Christian population.\u00a0At the time, it wasn\u2019t clear if the republican constitution would be removed and if the secular nature of the state and its courts would be changed.<\/p>\n

Jammeh had created a religious image for himself. He walked around with what appeared to be a Quran and Muslim prayer bids. He surrounded himself with clerics trained in Saudi Arabia. But for his critics, religion was nothing more than a tool for political control. Philip Saine, a member of the Gambian Christian Council whose book \u201cChallenges of Gambian Churches During Yahya Jammeh\u2019s Era\u201d was admitted into evidence by the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations \u00a0Commission (TRRC) - testified before the TRRC that after Jammeh\u2019s 2015 declaration Gambian Christians made efforts to dissuade the president from turning the country into an Islamic State. Their goal was to seek clarification on what the declaration meant for the Christian faith.\u00a0But Jammeh refused to meet with Christian leaders who would later get a letter from him saying that his declaration was \u201cnot negotiable\u201d but that the rights of Christians would be respected.\u00a0This did little in allaying their fears.<\/p>\n

Expelling people for their religious belief<\/h3>\n

Jammeh ruled the Gambia for 22 years until January 2017. And it isn\u2019t only Christians who claim to have been oppressed under his rule. Some of the victimized faith groups are Muslims who belonged to a different sect than Jammeh\u2019s Saudi-trained clerics sitting at the country\u2019s Supreme Islamic Council.\u00a0Under Jammeh, the Council had much influence. Jammeh needed the Council to control the 90% Muslim population. And the Council\u2019s members needed his protection to strengthen their control over the society.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ndigal is one of the Muslim minority faith groups that claimed they suffered state oppression. They are followers of cleric Muhamadou Habibou Secka who later came to be known as Ndigal, a wollof word for divine revelation. The faith group started in Kerr Mot Ali, a settlement in Gambia\u2019s Central River Region, about 4 hours drive from Banjul, the capital.\u00a0<\/p>\n

In 2002, Muhamadou Habibou Secka and his followers \u2013 said to be about 5000 people \u2013 stopped the five daily prayers ritual Muslims do. That was the beginning of their trouble with the state, testified Yunusha Ceesay, a member of Ndigal. Jammeh and the Supreme Islamic Council would not have it. The government said that the followers of Ndigal have forcedly closed the village mosque, preventing people from praying there. For the authorities, Ndigal\u2019s reported claims to be God was offensive to public morality and public order.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The former governor of the region Ganyie Touray told the TRRC that he received an executive order to reopen the mosque and expel the followers of Ndigal from the Gambia. This took place in January 2009 with the help of paramilitary forces, he said.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cDid you care to find out about the authority on which that executive order was based?\u201d asked the TRRC lead counsel Essa Faal.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThis came from the Office of the President and it was signed by the secretary general. It was for me to take action. What am I going to ask about?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYou believe it was lawful to expel people out of their village because of their religious belief?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat I believed is that what they were doing was not in line with Islam and the laws of this country.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI think you and I and other Muslims would agree that what they were doing was not in line with Islam but it is not about you and I. The question is: Do you think it is right to expel people from their own country because of their religious belief?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThose who gave the instructions are the ones who know the law. I am not a lawyer and I do not know the law.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cMr Touray, you were the governor.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, that is true.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cSo, your ignorance of the law is not an excuse.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, that is true.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAnd even you as a person, do you believe that it is right to expel people from their own homes simply because of their religious belief?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThat is unlawful.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTherefore, do you believe what you did was unlawful?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI do not believe what I did was unlawful. I was given an instruction and I carried it out.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cYou have just accepted that what you were told to do was unlawful.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, to forcefully expel someone from his residence. There are procedures to observe.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBut you carried out that order, didn\u2019t you?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, I did.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cSo you therefore agree that you implemented an unlawful order?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBut for me, the actions were given to me by people I took authority from\u2026\u201d explained the former governor.<\/p>\n

Ndigal\u2019s religious leader Habibou Secka was threatened and arrested but he refused to bow to state authorities. He died in 2007. On October 12, 2017, nine months after Jammeh had fled the Gambia, the country\u2019s High Court ruled that the actions of the state against Ndigal were illegal and ordered the followers of the sect to return to their settlement.<\/p>\n

Tensions with the Supreme Islamic Council<\/h3>\n

There has been brewing tension between religious traditionalists and the Saudi-trained clerics who controlled the Supreme Islamic Council.\u00a0While the traditionalists were in control of most religious schools in the country, the clerics who controlled the Council tended to have the backing of the state.\u00a0Former Imam of the State House Imam Abdoulie Fatty \u2013 who is currently the Council\u2019s secretary general \u2013 would use the pulpit, the state television and the radio to attack the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, a Muslim sect that the Saudi-trained clerics say are not Muslims.<\/p>\n

\u201cOn 23 June 1997, we sent a letter to the Office of President Yahya Jammeh complaining about the attack made by Imam Fatty on our sect but we were never replied by Jammeh,\u201d testified Baba Trawalley, leader of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Gambia. \u201cWe cannot be part of a political council [the Supreme Islamic Council] that only came into existence in 1992 while our Jama\u2019at came into existence in 1889. We are not expected to beg to be part of the Council. We can only be a member if we are officially invited\u201d, Trawalley said.When conflict arose between the traditionalist clerics and the Council, Jammeh took sides in favour of the Council.<\/p>\n

\"Imam
Imam Ba Kawsu Fofana, who was a fearless critic of Yahya Jammeh during his regime, directly accused the Supreme Islamic Council of being responsible for his arrest and subsequent torture in 2012. \u00a9 Mustapha K. Darboe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Imam Ba Kawsu Fofana was a fearless critic of Jammeh. The owner of a Quranic memorization school, Kawsu was arrested several times by state agents, leading to the closing down of his school.\u00a0In 2012, he was arrested and held incommunicado for nine days during which he was reportedly tortured. He then fled the country for Casamance, in the south of Senegal, where he lived until 2015 when he was allowed to return. Kawsu directly blamed the Supreme Council for his arrest.<\/p>\n

Both the President of the Council Imam Momodou Lamin Touray and its secretary general Imam Abdoulie Fatty have provided the TRRC with written statements. When public hearings resume on February 17 it may be their turn to respond to their critics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Their turn may come in response to criticism when the hearings of the Gambia's Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission resume on Monday, 17 February. The leaders of the Supreme Islamic Council were seriously questioned for their zealous obedience to former President Yahya Jammeh in a series of hearings on measures taken against religious minorities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":62530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[542],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2509],"class_list":["post-43814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-commissions","ji_location-gambia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGambia: The Supreme Islamic Council pointed at for its obedience to Jammeh - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43814-gambia-the-supreme-islamic-council-pointed-at-for-its-obedience-to-jammeh.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gambia: The Supreme Islamic Council pointed at for its obedience to Jammeh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Their turn may come in response to criticism when the hearings of the Gambia's Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission resume on Monday, 17 February. 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