{"id":43990,"date":"2020-03-10T08:17:47","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T07:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/43990-mh17-why-the-dutch-ruled-out-war-crimes-charges.html"},"modified":"2020-03-10T08:17:47","modified_gmt":"2020-03-10T07:17:47","slug":"mh17-why-the-dutch-ruled-out-war-crimes-charges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43990-mh17-why-the-dutch-ruled-out-war-crimes-charges.html","title":{"rendered":"MH17: Why the Dutch ruled out war crimes charges"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"><strong>Three Russians and one Ukrainian are <\/strong><\/span><strong>prosecuted<span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"> by a Dutch court<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"> for <\/span>the<span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"> shooting down <\/span>of <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">a civilian aircraft <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">in <\/span>July <span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">, killing all 2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">98 people on board. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">On the opening of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">trial<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\"> on March 9, the<\/span> prosecution revealed why it charged the suspects with murder and the criminal offence of shooting down an airplane.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll four of the defendants have been summoned on the suspicion of first: to cause flight MH17 to crash resulting in the deaths of all occupants (\u2026) and second the murder of 298 occupants of MH17,\u201d prosecutor Dedy Woei-a-Tsoi told the court at the opening of the trial, on March 9. \u201cIn the opinion of the public prosecutor (the suspects) organized that around 17 July 2014 a deadly weapon - a Buk Telar - was transported to east Ukraine (and) brought to a location from where a missile was launched and that missile hit flight MH17\u201d, she said.<\/p>\n<p>The Dutch trial against the four men started in their absence. The accused are three Russians \u2013\u00a0Sergey Dubinskiy, Oleg Pulatov and Igor Girkin \u2013 and one Ukrainian \u2013 Leonid Kharchenko \u2013, who had senior positions in the pro-Russian militias in Eastern Ukraine in 2014 [read our box]. They are charged as co-perpetrators for providing an anti-aircraft missile system to the militia who allegedly fired at the civilian aircraft.<\/p>\n<h3>Avoid unnecessary debates<\/h3>\n<p>Over five years after the crash, prosecutors thus revealed a part of their strategy by making it clear they were primarily charging the suspects with murder and intentionally shooting down an aircraft, both punishable by a maximum of life in prison under the Dutch law. One of the key questions about the prosecution\u2019s strategy being whether the suspects would also be charged with war crime.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy charging premeditated murder they seem to be saying this is not a case of international humanitarian law,\u201d assistant professor of international criminal law at Amsterdam\u2019s Free University <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asymmetricalhaircuts.com\/episodes\/ep-5-all-the-different-ways-of-getting-justice-for-mh17-with-marieke-de-hoon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marieke de Hoon<\/a> told journalists after. This would avoid, she added, the whole trial focusing on combatants\u2019 immunities and whether the direct perpetrators who allegedly shot down the plane had taken sufficient measures to identify whether they had a military or civilian target.<\/p>\n<p>However, on Monday prosecutor Ward Ferdinandusse wanted to stress that prosecutors rejected the idea that any combatant immunity would apply in this case, stressing \u201cit only applies to regular military personnel under the supervision of a state in a group that respects international humanitarian law and rules of warfare\u201d. \u201cWar is not a license for violence by all, against everybody,\u201d he said. \u201cOur provisional conclusion is that the suspects in July 2014 were not entitled to claim combatant immunity and had no right or excuse to resort to violence in eastern Ukraine,\u201d Ferdinandusse added.<\/p>\n<p>In 2018, the international Joint Investigation Team which has looked into the crash said their probe showed MH17 was taken down by a Buk missile that came from the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade of the Russian Federation. The missile was brought from the brigade\u2019s Kursk headquarters to a field in Ukraine where militias fired it on MH17, investigators said. According to de Hoon, the prosecution will likely make the argument that \u201cif you know you are bringing such a murderous weapon to a zone where there is no combatant privilege, you have taken that role in close conscious cooperation to bring down that flight,\u201d making the Russian and Ukrainian suspects co-perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"boorder: 1px solid #ccc;\"><div class=\"articleLink articleLink--editorRecommanded articleLink--textInImage articleLink--textTop\" style=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"articleLinkSurTitle\">Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"articleLinkImageLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/40502-putting-an-end-to-icc-inertia-on-ukraine.html\"><div class=\"articleLinkImageContainer \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/e5070526797e69404fbf4af15fc450fb-540x360.jpg\" class=\"articleLinkImage backgroundImageTag w-100 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/40502-putting-an-end-to-icc-inertia-on-ukraine.html\" class=\"articleLinkTitle articleLinkTitle--default\">\r\n\t\t\tPutting an end to ICC inertia on Ukraine\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Finding the truth<\/h3>\n<p>None of the suspects appeared in court, but Pulatov sent lawyers to defend him. Pulatov was one of Dubinkskiy\u2019s deputies in the self-styled Donetsk intelligence services. Under the Dutch system if you send a lawyer to represent you it is no longer an <em>in absentia<\/em> trial. For the other three accused, who did not appear or send representation, the court\u00a0ruled the case could continue in their absence. \u201cThe court will allow due process to prevail and in the case of Girkin, Dubinskiy and Kharchenko they will be tried in absentia,\u201d presiding judge Hendrik Steenhuis said.<\/p>\n<p>While in absentia trials are unusual in international justice, with the exception of the <a href=\"en\/tribunals\/mixed-tribunals\/38979-lebanon-tribunal-what-is-a-trial-without-suspects-for.html\">Lebanon tribunal<\/a>, such proceedings are not uncommon in The Netherlands. Under the Dutch inquisitorial system, the standard is that both the prosecution and the judges are magistrates that work towards finding the truth about what happened and who can be held criminally responsible. As such the prosecution\u2019s job is not considered to be getting the highest possible conviction but ensuring a fair trial, including taking into account potentially exculpatory evidence for suspects.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">Six years of waiting for victims\u2019 families<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dutch Prime Minister dismissed potential concerns about an in absentia trial, saying the Dutch legal system \u201chas an A1 reputation\u201d. De Hoon points out that the Dutch rules for in absentia trials have also withstood the tests of the European Court of Human Rights.<\/p>\n<p>This week\u2019s procedure was described by the court beforehand as a stock taking exercise, to see where the prosecution is with its case, to check if defendants or their lawyers turn up, and to assess if additional investigations are needed. Opening statements and hearings on the substance on the case are likely months away.<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-encadre\" style=\"margin-top: 30px;\">\n<p><strong>THE FOUR ACCUSED<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Igor Girkin<\/strong> (Russia) \u2013 aka Strelkov (the shooter) - is a former colonel of the FSB Russian security service. In 2014 he was appointed \u2018defence minister\u2019 of the self-proclaimed Donetsk republic, the Ukrainian separatist region from where the missile that hit MH17 was fired.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sergey Dubinskiy<\/strong> (Russia) is a former employee of the GRU, the Russian military intelligence services. He was the head of the intelligence services for the self-proclaimed Donetsk republic and worked closely with Girkin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oleg Pulatov<\/strong> (Russia) is a former member of a special military unit of the GRU. Pulatov was one of Dubinkskiy\u2019s deputies in the self-styled Donetsk intelligence services.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leonid Kharchenko<\/strong> (Ukraine) has no military background but at the time of the downing of flight MH17 he was the leader of a militia around Donetsk.<\/p>\n<p>Prosecutors say the three Russian suspects kept close ties with the Russian military establishment which enabled them to get an anti-aircraft missile to the area around Donetsk with the help of Kharchenko on the ground.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three Russians and one Ukrainian are prosecuted by a Dutch court for the shooting down of a civilian aircraft in July 2014, killing all 298 people on board. On the opening of the trial on March 9, the prosecution revealed why it charged the suspects with murder and the criminal offence of shooting down an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":64007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[566],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2373],"class_list":["post-43990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-tribunals","ji_location-netherlands"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MH17: Why the Dutch ruled out war crimes charges - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/43990-mh17-why-the-dutch-ruled-out-war-crimes-charges.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MH17: Why the Dutch ruled out war crimes charges\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Three Russians and one Ukrainian are prosecuted by a Dutch court for the shooting down of a civilian aircraft in July 2014, killing all 298 people on board. 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