{"id":44218,"date":"2020-05-07T07:51:46","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T05:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/44218-ousman-sonko-a-view-on-the-swiss-case-from-gambia-s-truth-commission.html"},"modified":"2020-05-07T07:51:46","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T05:51:46","slug":"ousman-sonko-a-view-on-the-swiss-case-from-gambia-s-truth-commission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/44218-ousman-sonko-a-view-on-the-swiss-case-from-gambia-s-truth-commission.html","title":{"rendered":"Ousman Sonko: a view on the Swiss case, from Gambia\u2019s Truth Commission"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gambia\u2019s former Interior Minister Ousman Sonko has been imprisoned in Switzerland for more than three years. A number of witnesses before the country\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission have implicated him in a number of crimes. While there is no direct cooperation between the Commission and the Swiss judiciary, the evidence is being brought into the case through NGOs.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Late July 2014, two and a half years before Gambia\u2019s president Yahya Jammeh fell from grace and was forced into exile to Equatorial Guinea, he claimed on national television \u201cdekabi ma ko mom\u201d \u2013 \u201cI own this country\u201d, in the Wolof language. This was in a meeting with members of the Saudi-backed Supreme Islamic Council, Jammeh\u2019s religious leaders who were in conflict with some of Gambia\u2019s traditional scholars. The dispute was over which day Muslims were to observe Eid al-Fitr, a Muslim festivity after Ramadan. Jammeh said anyone who did not observe Eid al-Fitr on the date chosen by the Supreme Islamic Council and prayed on another day would be arrested.<\/p>\n

Present at the meeting was Interior Minister Ousman Sonko. In a typical, emotional outburst, Jammeh threatened Sonko that he would visit his \u201chotel\u201d, referring to Mile 2 Central Prison located at the outskirt of Banjul, if he did not arrest anyone who prayed on a day not endorsed by him.<\/p>\n

Following the meeting, several individuals were arrested, including a prominent Gambian scholar, Sheikh Sheriff Muhideen Hydara<\/a>. Charged with conspiracy to commit a felony and disobedience of lawful order, his trial lasted for more than nine months \u2014 from July 2014 to May 2015 \u2014 until judge Ebrima Jaiteh ruled that \u201cno reasonable tribunal [could] secure conviction.\u201d In January this year, Hydara\u2019s eldest son claimed before the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) that his father\u2019s humiliation and \u201cillegal arrest\u201d contributed to his death in 2019.<\/p>\n

Direct and indirect cooperation<\/h3>\n

This is the kind of evidence produced before the TRRC that may be of interest to the Swiss judiciary. Indeed, since 2017 Ousman Sonko has been imprisoned in Switzerland where he is prosecuted for serious crimes allegedly committed under his authority in the Gambia.<\/p>\n

Born in 1969, Sonko has been Jammeh\u2019s longest serving Interior Minister, from 2006 to 2016. Sonko was a career military man who in early 2000 was serving as the commander of the State Guards Battalion, an elite force guarding the ex-Gambian dictator. He later left the army to be appointed as the Inspector General of the national police.\u00a0Then he became a key cabinet member.<\/p>\n

In 2016, when political tension and opposition protests heightened in Gambia Sonko and Jammeh fell out. The reasons remain unknown.\u00a0But Sonko fled to Sweden, from where he moved, after an unsuccessful asylum request, to Switzerland. In January 2017, after Jammeh was forced into exile after 22 years in power, Sonko was arrested by Swiss authorities. A Swiss NGO TRIAL International had filed a complaint against him on the basis of human rights violations<\/a>.\u00a0Sonko is currently in pre-trial detention and his case is investigated by Switzerland\u2019s Office of the Attorney General.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, hundreds of testimonies have been filed before the TRRC for a year and a half. And Sonko\u2019s name has come up in several of them. \u201cGambia\u2019s government through the office of the Ministry of Justice is cooperating fully with the Swiss authorities in Sonko\u2019s case,\u201d Gambia\u2019s Attorney General Abubacarr Tambadou told Justice Info. TRIAL International said for its part it has transmitted \u201cmaterials, including testimonies before the TRRC, to the Swiss Prosecutor\u201d.\u00a0According to Emeline Escafit, TRIAL International\u2019s expert on Gambia, they \u201chave been filing information based on our own investigation and information coming out of the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparation Commission has also been very valuable to our investigation and to the case. We hope that this will help the case to move forward.\u201d<\/p>\n

The man who was passing orders from Jammeh<\/h3>\n

\u201cThe TRRC is interested in Ousman Sonko,\u201d\u00a0said the Commission\u2019s executive secretary Dr Baba Galleh Jallow. Jallow said investigations into Sonko and all adversely mentioned persons before the Commission are ongoing as the Commission strives to end its public hearing by October 2020.\u00a0\u201cI think it's a good thing that outside parties, whether judicial systems or other institutions, are following the TRRC's proceedings and finding them useful in their work. It goes to show that the TRRC is taken seriously around the world,\u201d said Jallow. From the arrest of Hydara to the torture of Imam Ba Kawsu Fofana<\/a>, Sonko is mostly named as someone passing orders from Jammeh to junior officers to execute.<\/p>\n

On 14 April, 2016, opposition activist Ebrima Solo Sandeng and 15 other supporters from the United Democratic Party were arrested and jailed. They were protesting for \u201cproper electoral reforms\u201d.\u00a0 While in detention, Sandeng was reportedly tortured to death. Several of his colleagues were allegedly tortured. Among them was Fatou Camara. Camara appeared before the Truth Commission on October 25, 2019.\u00a0Camara blamed Sonko for their maltreatment in Mile 2 Central Prison and their torture at the National Intelligence Agency.<\/p>\n

Sonko\u2019s name was also connected to the fate of Imam Ba Kawsu Fofana<\/a>.\u00a0In 2012, Fofana was arrested after several months of dispute between him on the one hand, and Jammeh and his clerics from the Supreme Islamic Council on the other hand. He was held incommunicado for nine days during which he was reportedly tortured. He then fled the country for Casamance, in the south of Senegal, where he lived until 2015 when he was allowed to return. He said while he was in detention, they broke his finger and that it was Sonko who told him during his interrogation, that his finger was broken on Jammeh\u2019s orders.\u00a0\u201cAbout 10 people were part of those beating me with pipes as they covered my head with nylon bags\u201d, said Fofana.<\/p>\n

The killing of Lieutenant Manneh<\/h3>\n

One of the known loyalists of President Jammeh in the early days of his rule was Lieutenant Almamo Manneh. Before the Truth Commission, Manneh\u2019s name came up in relation to several allegations of torture of political detainees in 1995 and 1996. However, in January 2000, Manneh\u2019s time came to be at the receiving end of Jammeh\u2019s wrath. He was accused of plotting with Lieutenant Landing Sanneh.<\/p>\n

At the time Sanneh was the commander of the State Guards battalion and Manneh was his close friend, according to Lieutenant Lalo Jaiteh, the\u00a0aide-de-camp\u00a0to Jammeh at the time.\u00a0Ousman Sonko was Sanneh\u2019s second-in-command at the State Guards. Jaiteh, who currently lives in Switzerland, told the TRRC on September 26\u00a0<\/strong>that he submitted a\u00a0deposition\u00a0in Sonko\u2019s case.\u00a0He said that he was with president Jammeh in Kanilai, the former president\u2019s home village, when Jammeh brought out a cassette which he said was recorded by Sonko.\u00a0According to Jaiteh, the soldiers were discussing about plotting a coup.<\/p>\n

In the audio recording, he recognized the voices of Sanneh and Manneh. Then Jammeh asked him to call his cabinet ministers and instructed him to put a team together to go and arrest Manneh and Sanneh. The arrest, Jammeh said, should be coordinated by Sonko. Within about an hour, Sonko returned. \u201cI was terrified when Sonko told me [Manneh\u2019s body] was in the trunk\u201d of the vehicle, said Jaiteh. Sonko\u2019s explanation was that Manneh had resisted arrest in his office and had shot at them. They had fired back, killing him.\u00a0\u201cI knew Almamo [Manneh] and he was a good soldier. For him to shoot at six people in a room and not wound anyone, that would be surprising. I did not believe Sonko\u2019s story,\u201d said Jaiteh.\u00a0\u201cI think Ousman Sonko had intentionally planned to kill Almamo Manneh.\u201d The team later proceeded to arrest Landing Sanneh.<\/p>\n

Sonko accused of sex slavery<\/h3>\n

But Jaiteh was not the only person who suspected Sonko to have killed Manneh. Manneh\u2019s widow Binta Jamba also accused Ousman of killing her husband. And she also has issued a statement before the Swiss judiciary. On October 30, 2019, Jamba appeared before the TRRC. She said much more than just accusing Sonko of her husband\u2019s death. She alleged that Sonko has made her a sex slave and that \u201chas raped [her] over 60 times.\u201d<\/p>\n

The 51-year old mother who now lives in North Carolina, United States, said the former minister started harassing her from the time he was commander of the state guards to the time he was appointed Inspector General of Police and subsequently Interior Minister. Jamba was a lower ranking police officer.\u00a0She recalled the first attempt by Sonko to rape her was at his office at the State House. In all these scenes, Sonko was always with a pistol. This terrified her, she said. \u201cHe held my hands and threw me on the bed.,\u201d she said about one of their encounters.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The migrants massacre<\/h3>\n

Then there was evidence on the killing, in July 2005, of 54 West African migrants, mainly Ghanaians, who were summarily executed. While the order is said to have come from Yahya Jammeh, investigations by TRIAL International and Human Rights Watch<\/a> published in May 2018 pointed out that Interior Minister Sonko was present at different meetings ahead of this incident. The migrants were caught in Barra, a coastal town separated from Gambia\u2019s capital Banjul by a 7-mile river crossing. Witnesses said Sonko asked the Navy to transfer the migrants by boat from Barra to the Navy Headquarters in Banjul. One commander said that at least two of the high-ranking officials, Sonko and the ex-National Intelligence Agency director Daba Marenah, called Jammeh from the Naval Headquarters. Several former hitmen of ex-president Jammeh who testified before the TRRC have confessed to participating in the executions of West African migrants.<\/p>\n

\n

GAMBIA\u2019S TRUTH COMMISSION SUBMITS INTERIM REPORT <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission on April 29 submitted its interim report to Justice Minister Abubacarr Tambadou. The interim report only covers the Commission\u2019s activities during its first year of existence and does not contain any recommendation for prosecution at this stage. The TRRC\u2019s mandate ends in 2020 with possibility of extension.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

So far, the Commission has collected 462 statements from victims and witnesses of human rights violations. In total though, the TRRC\u2019s victims support unit has registered 941 victims of various kinds of human rights violations and abuses.\u00a0217 witnesses have appeared before the Commission since the commencement of the public hearings on January 7, 2019. They include 40 alleged perpetrators and adversely mentioned persons, and 25 Gambians from the diaspora who testified via video.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gambia\u2019s former Interior Minister Ousman Sonko has been imprisoned in Switzerland for more than three years. A number of witnesses before the country\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission have implicated him in a number of crimes. While there is no direct cooperation between the Commission and the Swiss judiciary, the evidence is being brought into […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":62524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[542],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2509],"class_list":["post-44218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-commissions","ji_location-gambia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOusman Sonko: a view on the Swiss case, from Gambia\u2019s Truth Commission - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/44218-ousman-sonko-a-view-on-the-swiss-case-from-gambia-s-truth-commission.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ousman Sonko: a view on the Swiss case, from Gambia\u2019s Truth Commission\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gambia\u2019s former Interior Minister Ousman Sonko has been imprisoned in Switzerland for more than three years. 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