{"id":44506,"date":"2020-06-09T07:29:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T05:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/44506-why-liberia-trc-archives-stay-in-us-university.html"},"modified":"2020-06-09T07:29:00","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T05:29:00","slug":"why-liberia-trc-archives-stay-in-us-university","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/44506-why-liberia-trc-archives-stay-in-us-university.html","title":{"rendered":"Why Liberia\u2019s TRC archives stay in a US university"},"content":{"rendered":"

July 1 will mark eleven years since Liberia\u2019s Truth and Reconciliation Commission published its report. But not only have its main recommendations not been implemented, the Commission\u2019s archives remain at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States, making them - like access to justice - all but inaccessible to Liberians.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"J\u00e9r\u00f4me
J\u00e9r\u00f4me Verdier, President of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia, at the inaugural ceremony on June 22, 2006. \u00a9 STR \/ AFP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cAs a responsible institution, we had no alternative\u201d than to send the archives to Georgia Tech, says Liberia\u2019s former Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) chairman Jerome Verdier, who spoke to Justice Info from the US. As it ended its mandate, the TRC was receiving threats<\/a>, but he says this was not the only, or indeed main reason why the archives had to be sent elsewhere. The government had no plan, Verdier told Justice Info, for what should happen to these \u201cvery, very important\u201d documents and there were financial problems. The lease on the TRC building had run out, the government refused to pay the rent, and it was threatened with eviction. Leaving the archives there could expose them to insecurity and possibly destruction.<\/p>\n

So, one night, the Commission \u201chad a bonfire in their backyard where they disposed of the disposable records and the other stuff was sequestered onto a boat at the port and made its way to Savannah, Georgia, then on to us in Atlanta because we were maybe their closest international partner by that time and they just needed a safe archive\u201d, says Michael Best<\/a>, a professor of international affairs and interactive computing at Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) in the US who worked with the TRC at the time.<\/p>\n

This is a unique case of a truth commission\u2019s archives being expatriated to a foreign university, under an agreement that has now expired.<\/p>\n

TRC\u2019s legacy<\/h3>\n

The TRC worked from 2006 to 2009, collecting some 20,000 statements and hearing direct testimony from over 500 Liberians. It also gathered its own evidence and conducted investigations into a wide variety of crimes committed during the war.\u00a0The records of this now sit in a warehouse in Georgia, United States.<\/p>\n

The TRC report<\/a>, published on July 1, 2009 recommended setting up a war crimes court. This has never happened, and the current government of George Weah remains ambiguous on the issue<\/a>. Indeed, there have been no prosecutions in Liberia related to the many crimes committed during its two civil wars (1989 to 1997 and 1999 to 2003).<\/p>\n

The Commission named a list of alleged perpetrators that it said should be prosecuted for various kinds of gross human rights violations and war crimes. It notably recommended that the country\u2019s president at the time, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, be barred from public office for 30 years for her alleged connections to Charles Taylor, the former president now serving a 50-year jail sentence in the UK for serious crimes committed in neighbouring Sierra Leone.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tDoes the Liberian president really want a war crimes court?\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

Liberian government can request them back<\/h3>\n

Georgia Tech Library\u2019s custody of the archives is governed by an agreement between the GIT, the TRC and the government of Liberia, dating from June 1, 2010, of which Justice Info has obtained a copy. According to Georgia Tech lawyer Shelley Hildebrand, who helped negotiate the accord along with Best, it was signed before the records were shipped.<\/p>\n

\u201cTRC and government of Liberia warrant that the transfer of the possession of the records to GIT (\u2026) is authorized and does not violate the laws of Liberia,\u201d says the agreement. It provides that \u201cat all times\u201d ownership and control of the records remains with the TRC and subsequently, after its dissolution, with the government of Liberia. This means the Liberian government can, in theory, ask for them back. But the agreement also says \u201cGIT will relinquish physical custody of the records only when and if a process to securely ship the documents to Liberia (or another location) has been established by the parties and funds to pay for this in place\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hildebrand says there have been no requests so far from the Liberian government that they be returned. She told Justice Info that the agreement has officially expired but doesn\u2019t \u201cbelieve [they] have a duty to send back\u201d the archives. It runs for five years and can be renewed for successive five-year periods \u201cupon the mutual agreement of the parties\u201d. But Best told Justice Info that \u201cat the time of its expiration (and to this date) there has not been an identified interlocutor from the government of Liberia to work with us on a renewal of the agreement\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cOccasional requests\u201d for access<\/h3>\n

According to the agreement, \u201cGIT agrees that it will not distribute to the general public or disclose to a third party any records that have been designated as confidential by the TRC\u201d and that \u201cconfidential records shall be designated as confidential by an appropriate stamp or legend\u201d. An Annex contains a list of people allowed full access, including to the confidential records. They are TRC Commissioners and key people at Georgia Tech, including Best and Hildebrand.<\/p>\n

Georgia Tech has received \u201coccasional requests\u201d for access, says Hildebrand. With a spate of recent US and European cases related to the Liberian civil war<\/a>, interest has increased. She says Georgia Tech has been working with the US Department of Justice to determine under \u201cwhat terms we\u2019ll allow access for foreign law enforcement agencies\u201d. She says there have, for example, been requests from authorities in Switzerland and the UK, among others.<\/p>\n

According to Hildebrand, the TRC was supposed to label the confidential documents but did not, creating \u201canother sticky situation\u201d, but Georgia Tech has \u201ccome up with a process to maintain confidentiality\u201d. Statements to the TRC where the witness said they were \u201cwilling to testify\u201d can be accessed on request, but those where the witness was \u201cnot willing to testify\u201d are kept confidential. Third parties requesting access must give details of the documents they are seeking (time period, faction, individuals concerned) and then come personally to the Georgia Tech warehouse where they may be allowed access to \u201conly five boxes at a time\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aaron Weah, a Liberian former advisor to the TRC for the International Center for Transitional Justice who is now conducting PhD research at Ulster University, says he has requested access to documents and a \u201cfew others have tried\u201d. \u201cI spoke to the American archivist,\u201d he told Justice Info. \u201cI requested access but it was denied.\u201d His research relates to memorialization in Liberia, for which purposes he was requesting the documents.<\/p>\n

Digitization still to be done<\/h3>\n

The agreement says that \u201cGIT will digitize the records and will provide three digital copies of the records to each of the TRC, the government of Liberia and the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law\u201d in Monrovia. But Best says that \u201cwe still are working towards this goal\u201d.<\/p>\n

Asked about the lessons to be learned from this unique case, Best says there are two. \u201cI think that in principle, when the papers are at risk or the country emerging out of conflict doesn\u2019t have the technical or infrastructural capacities to manage the records, we\u2019ve provided a safe and secure environment, we hold the records in an archival quality housing and the records to this day are in surprisingly good shape.\u201d But, he says, \u201cwe\u2019ve struggled to do the real work that we wanted to do, which was to organize the papers, to digitize a lot of it, creating a more lasting legacy. And that is the second lesson to him, that the minute a Commission ends and releases its final report, the donor community just walks away.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Archives could play an important role in Liberia<\/h3>\n

Best says the archives should go back to Liberia one day when the country \u201chas the capacity\u201d to preserve and manage them.<\/p>\n

But for Weah, the archives \u201cserve no purpose in Georgia\u201d whereas they could play an important role in Liberia, for journalists, academics and the wider public. He told Justice Info it would be \u201cgood to see them in a national museum\u201d, especially video footage \u201cof historical figures giving an account of the war\u201d. This could serve an important educational purpose, he says, in a country which is still struggling to find a common version of its history and where \u201cwe have a very young population with kids born after the Accra agreement [2003 peace accord that ended the civil war]\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think the archives should be migrated to Liberia where they belong,\u201d Weah told Justice Info. But would they be safe now? \u201cThe current administration is not at all clear on the reconciliation agenda or the legacy of the TRC or how to address it,\u201d he admits, \u201cso it\u2019s hard to say whether they would be safe. We would need some kind of guarantee that they should be kept and protected at all times.\u201d This might take the shape of a law, which would recognize the TRC archive and provide space for it, he says, and the archives should be digitized, \u201cso that if they were burned, you would still have copies\u201d.<\/p>\n

TRC chairman Verdier agrees that the archives should be returned one day, and that is why the agreement says Georgia Tech is only a \u201ccustodian\u201d. He said the right timing is not yet there, as \u201cthe current government has no interest and I don\u2019t think it can be trusted\u201d. But he does believe that one day there will be a more \u201cresponsible government\u201d, at which time the archives should go home.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

July 1 will mark eleven years since Liberia\u2019s Truth and Reconciliation Commission published its report. But not only have its main recommendations not been implemented, the Commission\u2019s archives remain at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States, making them - like access to justice - all but inaccessible to Liberians.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":64067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[542],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2317],"class_list":["post-44506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-commissions","ji_location-liberia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Liberia\u2019s TRC archives stay in a US university - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/44506-why-liberia-trc-archives-stay-in-us-university.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Liberia\u2019s TRC archives stay in a US university\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"July 1 will mark eleven years since Liberia\u2019s Truth and Reconciliation Commission published its report. 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