{"id":45404,"date":"2020-09-17T07:28:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T05:28:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/45404-exchanging-killers-for-peace-afghanistan-questions-about-us-made-amnesty.html"},"modified":"2020-09-17T07:28:10","modified_gmt":"2020-09-17T05:28:10","slug":"exchanging-killers-for-peace-afghanistan-questions-about-us-made-amnesty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45404-exchanging-killers-for-peace-afghanistan-questions-about-us-made-amnesty.html","title":{"rendered":"Exchanging killers for peace in Afghanistan - questions about a US-made amnesty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The terms of the \"pax americana\" in Afghanistan raise many questions. The Taliban and the United States have pressured the Afghan government to release 5,000 Taliban prisoners it holds. In return, the Taliban pledged to release 1,000 members of the Afghan security forces. Initially excluded from the negotiation, the government has since accepted it. A mortgage on the future of the country, estimates the author. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<figure class=\"pull-left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Hekmatullah\" src=\"media\/Afghanistan_Hekmatullah_Twitter-AAP.jpg\" alt=\"Hekmatullah\" width=\"200\" height=\"256\" \/><figcaption>Hekmatullah has been flown to Qatar ahead of the peace talks. \u00a9 Twitter \/ AAP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>An Afghan soldier convicted of murdering three Australian soldiers is among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/afghanistan-taliban-peace-talks-prisoner-release\/2020\/09\/10\/195c7f5e-f183-11ea-8025-5d3489768ac8_story.html\">six high-value prisoners<\/a> who have been flown to Qatar ahead of the September peace talks between the Taliban and Afghan government. Hekmatullah <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-09-11\/hekmatullah-transferred-to-qatar-taliban-peace-talks-australia\/12653524\">has spent seven years in jail<\/a> after killing the three soldiers he worked with in 2012 \u2014 Lance Corporal Stjepan Milosevic, Sapper James Martin and Private Robert Poate.<\/p>\n<p>For a long time, the Afghan government vowed not to free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2020\/07\/09\/afghanistan-says-will-not-release-600-too-dangerous-taliban.html\">600 prisoners<\/a> it considered too dangerous, including murderers and foreign fighters. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20200814-taliban-inmates-set-to-be-freed-pose-danger-to-the-world-says-afghan-president\">called them<\/a> a \u201cdanger\u201d to the world. But last month, an assembly of Afghan elders, community leaders and politicians called a \u201cloya jirga\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/aug\/09\/afghanistan-agrees-to-free-400-hardcore-taliban-prisoners\">approved<\/a> the release of the last 400 Taliban captives and hundreds have been set free.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Loya Jirga\" src=\"media\/Afghanistan_Loya-Jirga_Rahmat-Gul-AP.jpg\" alt=\"Loya Jirga\" \/><figcaption>Delegates at the loya jirga in Kabul last month. \u00a9 Rahmat Gul \/ AP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Foreign governments\u2019 objections to prisoner release<\/h3>\n<p>The release of prisoners who killed Westerners has been among the most contentious parts of the deal. The Australian government, and the families of the three murdered Australian soldiers, have strenuously objected to the release of Hekmatullah.<\/p>\n<p>Prime Minister Scott Morrison has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2020\/aug\/10\/scott-morrison-presses-trump-for-continued-detention-of-ex-afghan-soldier-who-killed-three-australians\">raised the issue<\/a> with US President Donald Trump in recent weeks, and Foreign Minister Marise Payne and Defence Minister Linda Reynolds <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationaltribune.com.au\/australian-fm-statement-on-transfer-of-sensitive-afghan-prisoners-to-qatar\/\">reiterated this position<\/a> in a statement:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The Australian government\u2019s long-standing position is that Hekmatullah should serve a full custodial sentence for the crimes for which he was convicted by an Afghan court, and that he should not be released as part of a prisoner amnesty.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>France has similarly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/france-asks-afghans-free-taliban-killed-citizens-200816054618786.html\">objected to the release<\/a> of those prisoners who murdered its aid workers and soldiers.<\/p>\n<p>The US has not <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/afghanistan-taliban-prisoners-insider-attacks\/2020\/08\/29\/ae3e95ba-e7c1-11ea-bf44-0d31c85838a5_story.html\">publicly objected to the release<\/a> of three prisoners who murdered Americans in so-called insider attacks, although it is reportedly exploring the possibility of release under house arrest.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Peace agreements between USA and Talibans\" src=\"media\/Afghanistan_Zalmay-Khalilzad-Abdul-Ghani-Baradar-peace-agreement_Hussein-Sayed-AP.jpg\" alt=\"Peace agreements between USA and Talibans\" \/><figcaption>US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad, left, and Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, the Taliban\u2019s top political leader, signing the peace deal in February. \u00a9 Hussein Sayed \/ AP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Conditions of amnesty in the rules of war<\/h3>\n<p>So far, the issue of freeing prisoners in Afghanistan has been largely treated as a political and security issue. There has been less attention given to the equally important question of law, justice and human rights.<\/p>\n<p>It follows a regrettably common view that peace is necessary at any price, even if it means letting suspected or convicted war criminals go free, denying justice to their victims and violating international law by enabling killing with impunity.<\/p>\n<p>It is no surprise that such a deal has been spruiked by Trump, who has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/11\/15\/us\/trump-pardons.html\">pardoned US soldiers<\/a> accused or convicted of war crimes, despite protests by US military commanders. Trump also this week <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-54003527\">imposed sanctions<\/a> on senior officials of the International Criminal Court for investigating alleged US war crimes in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/document\/what-are-rules-of-war-Geneva-Conventions\">rules of war<\/a>, or international humanitarian law (as it is otherwise known), take a much more balanced and reasonable approach. These rules are also binding on Afghanistan, the US and Taliban alike.<\/p>\n<p>Hekmatullah\u2019s killing of three Australian soldiers was not a fair fight in the heat of combat between opposing forces under the law of war. It was treacherous and illegal because Hekmatullah was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/national\/afghan-national-army-killer-asks-forgiveness-from-families-of-murdered-australian-soldiers-20141027-11ckkk.html\">wearing an Afghan army uniform<\/a> when he killed the Australian soldiers while they were resting at a patrol base in August 2012.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Australian soldiers carrying the coffin of one of their own.\" src=\"media\/Afghanistan_australian-soldier_Dave-Hunt-AAP.jpg\" alt=\"Australian soldiers carrying the coffin of one of their own.\" \/><figcaption>The families of the slain Australian soldiers firmly oppose Hekmatullah\u2019s release. \u00a9 Dave Hunt \/ AAP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Hekmatullah says he was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/commentary\/justice-for-diggers-undone-by-hekmatullahs-deal\/news-story\/d2a4a2df4edeac981ff51bee94815962\">inspired to kill<\/a> the soldiers after watching a Taliban video purporting to show US soldiers burning a Quran. He was later aided by the Taliban in his escape.<\/p>\n<p>Through these actions, Hekmatullah <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/resource-library\/documents\/rs-eng.pdf\">violated the basic rules<\/a> set forth by the Statute of the International Criminal Court, specifically making improper use \u2026 of the military insignia and uniform of the enemy \u2026 resulting in death or serious personal injury<\/p>\n<p>The law of war also acknowledges the granting of amnesty to ordinary fighters is an appropriate means to promote peace and reconciliation to end a civil war. But it <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/customary-ihl\/eng\/docs\/v1_rul_rule159#:%7E:text=At%20the%20end%20of%20hostilities,suspected%20of%2C%20accused%20of%20or\">does not permit amnesty<\/a> for those who violate its basic rules, including those suspected or convicted of war crimes.<\/p>\n<p>All countries have a legal duty to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/law\/implementation-mechanisms#chapter6\">respect and ensure respect<\/a>\u201d for international humanitarian law. Releasing prisoners, thus, is not purely a political question for the Afghan government to decide. It is also bound by international law and must respect it.<\/p>\n<p>Australia has a right to \u201censure respect\u201d for the law by both Afghanistan and the US. Releasing Hekmatullah would arguably be a violation of international law by Afghanistan, aided by the US.<\/p>\n<h3>Peace without justice can cause long-term problems<\/h3>\n<p>The US, Taliban and Afghan government all know this, but are choosing to sacrifice justice for the dream of peace. All sides are exhausted by the two-decade military stalemate and are understandably desperate for a way out.<\/p>\n<p>But numerous conflicts in recent decades \u2014 from Latin American to Africa to the Balkans \u2014 show that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/psia\/sites\/sciencespo.fr.psia\/files\/Peace_versus_Justice-A_False_Dichotomy.pdf\">peace without justice<\/a> is almost always a delusion.<\/p>\n<p>Any immediate gains are usually undermined by the mid- to long-term insecurity that results from giving impunity to killers. It contaminates the integrity and stability of political systems. It undermines the legal system and subordinates the rule of law and human rights to raw politics.<\/p>\n<p>It also allows victims\u2019 grievances to fester, which is especially dangerous in places like Afghanistan where \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoi.net\/en\/file\/local\/1104068\/1788_1327313532_1940-1.pdf\">blood feuds<\/a>\u201d stoke the desire for vengeance.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of Afghanistan, most seasoned observers also know that peace with the Taliban may well be a na\u00efve fantasy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/spike-in-violence-fills-void-in-afghanistan-during-peace-talks-delay\/2020\/08\/09\/97a251fc-d3fd-11ea-826b-cc394d824e35_story.html\">Violence has increased<\/a>, not decreased, since the peace deal.<\/p>\n<p>While it has made some tactical concessions for peace, the Taliban\u2019s ideological commitment to extreme religious rule, and its disdain for democracy and human rights, is unswerving.<\/p>\n<p>The Taliban has played the Americans brilliantly, knowing the US no longer has the appetite for war. Releasing murderers could be all for nothing. <!-- Ci-dessous se trouve le compteur de pages de The Conversation. Veuillez ne pas l'enlever. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/145927\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- Fin du code. Si vous ne voyez aucun code ci-dessus, veuillez obtenir un nouveau code dans l'onglet \u00ab Avanc\u00e9 \u00bb apr\u00e8s avoir cliqu\u00e9 sur le bouton \u00ab Republier \u00bb. Le compteur de pages ne collecte aucune donn\u00e9e personnelle. Plus d'informations : http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Ben Saul is a Professor of International Law at the Sydney Centre for International Law, University of Sydney<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article, slightly modified by Justice Info with the agreement of the author, is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/removing-monuments-to-an-imperial-past-is-not-the-same-for-former-colonies-as-it-is-for-former-empires-140546\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The terms of the \"pax americana\" in Afghanistan raise many questions. The Taliban and the United States have pressured the Afghan government to release 5,000 Taliban prisoners it holds. In return, the Taliban pledged to release 1,000 members of the Afghan security forces. Initially excluded from the negotiation, the government has since accepted it. A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":61903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[567],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2571],"class_list":["post-45404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","ji_location-afghanistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Exchanging killers for peace in Afghanistan - questions about a US-made amnesty - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45404-exchanging-killers-for-peace-afghanistan-questions-about-us-made-amnesty.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exchanging killers for peace in Afghanistan - questions about a US-made amnesty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The terms of the &quot;pax americana&quot; in Afghanistan raise many questions. The Taliban and the United States have pressured the Afghan government to release 5,000 Taliban prisoners it holds. In return, the Taliban pledged to release 1,000 members of the Afghan security forces. Initially excluded from the negotiation, the government has since accepted it. 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