{"id":45547,"date":"2020-10-01T08:17:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T06:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/45547-kabuga-transfer-mechanism-is-it-the-right-thing-to-do.html"},"modified":"2020-10-01T08:17:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T06:17:57","slug":"kabuga-transfer-mechanism-is-it-the-right-thing-to-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45547-kabuga-transfer-mechanism-is-it-the-right-thing-to-do.html","title":{"rendered":"Kabuga\u2019s transfer to the Mechanism: Is it the right thing to do?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The surprise arrest in May of an old Rwandan man, soon after the end of lockdown in a chic Paris suburb, is having knock-on consequences. High-profile fugitive F\u00e9licien Kabuga has changed overnight the prospects of the \u201cMechanism\u201d, a sleepy \u201cresidual\u201d international court. Yesterday, September 30, a Paris court confirmed he should be sent to Tanzania to be tried for genocide. <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Until April this year and the arrest in France of high-profile Rwandan fugitive F\u00e9licien Kabuga<\/a>, 85, the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) was one of several dusty relics \u2013 elegantly named \u201cresiduals\u201d \u2013 of the heady days when cooperation led to the establishment of internationally-backed accountability mechanisms. These residuals deal with, for example, contested trials, prisoners requesting early release, and witnesses still in need of protection.<\/p>\n

They were seen even by those continuing to represent clients there, like lawyer Peter Robinson, as \u201c<\/em>a very moribund institution\u201d. Every six months, its president reported<\/a> to the UN Security Council about \u2013 essentially \u2013 the progress his body has made towards the ultimate goal of shutting itself down, acknowledging the UNSC\u2019s 2010 promise<\/a> of \u201ca small, temporary and efficient structure, the functions and size of which will diminish over time\u201d. That \u201ctemporary\u201d structure has extended since the closure of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in 2017 and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in 2015 into 11 years on the job.<\/p>\n

But there was light! With the successful tracking of the richest man in Rwanda in his time, long indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) for his role in the 1994 genocide, the Mechanism has taken on a new shine and the prospect of work for many years more. And the acknowledgement, yesterday September 30, by a French appeal court that the Arusha-based part of the UN body will take him to trial, confirms this positive outlook for the soon to increase by 10 % number of staff working in its Office of the Prosecutor.<\/p>\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tF\u00e9licien Kabuga, 23 years on the run... and what\u2019s next?\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

Swish new courtroom in Arusha<\/h3>\n

When it closed, eight Rwandan fugitives<\/a> were still left on the ICTR docket. Among them, five dossiers went to Rwandan national courts. But the Mechanism retained three. One of them, Augustin Bizimana, is now conclusively proved dead<\/a> after new ways of testing his remains were used. Another, Protais Mpiranya,\u00a0<\/a>has the prosecutor complaining about lack of cooperation from Zimbabwe and the trade in false passports various unnamed African governments need to crack down on.<\/p>\n

The third, former businessman Kabuga, is indeed the Mechanism\u2019s prize. A swish new courtroom in Arusha<\/a> \u2013 more than 8.7 million dollars\u2019 worth \u2013 is intended as his destination, despite his fragile state of health. But Covid-19 fears that may put such a transfer on hold may only add to the many delays expected in this process.<\/p>\n

Reinvestigating a cold case<\/h3>\n

For a start there will be a re-evaluation of the material the prosecution needs to prove the case against him. \u201c<\/em>First of all, the prosecution has to reinvestigate its cold case,\u201d warns Robinson. The seven counts of genocide and crimes against humanity<\/a> against Kabuga, dating back to 2003 and modified in 2011, allege Kabuga\u2019s central role in the genocide. Via his relationships to the Interahamwe militia, the ruling party, and the media he \u201cused his power, influence and position of authority to ensure that the crimes for which he is charged were committed\u201d, says the indictment.<\/p>\n

The prosecutor\u2019s office will have to decide how \u201cselective and strategic\u201d the indictment will be - as criminal lawyer Yasmine Chubin who worked in the ICTR prosecutor\u2019s office, puts it. \u201cGiven Kabuga\u2019s age and the passage of time since the events of 1994, how large of a case will they choose to bring against him? Will the IRMCT prosecutors decide to only focus on the counts they can prove somewhat quickly, or will they attempt to capture the full extent of his criminality at the risk of a multi-year trial?\u201d<\/p>\n

Kabuga was one of the founders of the notorious RTLM radio. Findings from the Media trial judgment<\/a> \u201ccould streamline certain aspects of the prosecution case\u201d, says Chubin, although she warns the process \u201cwould face defence objections and be litigated\u201d, which would \u201cin itself be time-consuming\u201d. It can only be \u201cvery specific types of facts\u201d that the prosecutor would be able to re-use. Although Nicola Palmer, a senior lecturer in criminal law at King\u2019s College, points to many ICTR trials \u201cthat have dealt with individuals who he is alleged to have been working in close contact with\u201d, the challenge will be, she says, \u201ctrying to think about how those cases can be coherent together\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kabuga\u2019s alleged role in the genocide is closely intertwined with how it was planned. For example, the importing of machetes in advance. This \u201cweapons aspect\u201d becomes \u201cincredibly important\u201d says Palmer when you consider \u201cthe wider question of how arms were moving into Rwanda\u2026 from the start of the civil war\u201d.<\/p>\n

Financing the genocide \u2013 what evidence?<\/h3>\n

On the financing of the genocide, evidence will be needed which was never examined in depth at the ICTR. Palmer refers to material on \u201cthe financial networks that he could have had access to\u201d. \u201cWhat are the sets of relationships outside of Rwanda that were helping to finance the genocide?\u201d she asks. Financial analysts could \u201cmake the task a lot easier\u201d, says Chubin. This is \u201ca really missing part of the accounts of what happened in 1994,\u201d says Palmer and it has implications also for how \u201che was able to evade justice for all of these years\u201d. In June, IRMCT prosecutor Serge Brammertz told journalists that unexpected savings due to Covid-19 meant that, without asking for more funds, he was able to hire eight or nine new temporary staff \u201cwith the right profile\u201d.<\/p>\n

Defence counsel investigations may force a delay, warns Robinson. \u201cThe Rwandan authorities don't always cooperate very robustly with the defence. Defence counsel will have to start from scratch and they will be dependent on the disclosure that the prosecution gives to them,\u201d he says. And with a very old person in this Covid-19 time, exceptionally vulnerable means \u201cif they ever do get the trial started they won't be able to sit full weeks because of his health.\u201d<\/p>\n

Huge interest in Rwanda<\/h3>\n

Alphonse Muleefu teaches law at the University of Rwanda. He says Kabuga\u2019s profile as a \u201cbig man\u201d combined with his evasion of justice has meant \u201chis name continues to be alive in Rwanda\u201d. There\u2019s a huge interest in \u201chis money and connections around the world\u201d, as well as who protected him, \u201chow he managed to get those passports, how he managed to travel from one country to another, how he managed to live in France for so long\u201d undetected when his \u201cwanted\u201d photo was circulating so widely.<\/p>\n

Through domestic trials and gacaca processes \u201cmost Rwandans have now participated in some form of legal accountability for those crimes,\u201d says Palmer, most often as perpetrators and victims testifying under gacaca. The Kabuga investigation will not just have available the material of the ICTR, but also \u201cintersect with all of that input, with all of that prior investigation\u201d, she says.<\/p>\n

Chubin has been working regularly with Rwandan justice sector actors and says they, together with victim groups, are genuinely thrilled about the arrest. \u201cIt is a big achievement,\u201d agrees Muleefu. Others in Rwanda, Chubin says, have expressed their regret that he isn\u2019t being tried in their domestic system. \u201cWe've been doing these cases since\u00a02012\u201d is the sentiment she\u2019s heard expressed, with\u00a0a growing number of national jurisdictions\u00a0\u2013 of which France is not a part \u2013 consistently continuing to approve extraditions to Rwanda.<\/p>\n

For Muleefu it should be seen as prosecution \u201cin the interests of the public\u201d, with Rwandans deserving \u201cpriority\u201d as \u201cthose who are directly concerned\u201d. We want to \u201cbe able to follow the trial, to be able to have that feeling that justice is being served. So it's a simple understanding of how justice should work, and that justice is seen to be done\u201d. But there\u2019s no dispute, says Muleefu, that Kabuga falls primarily under the Mechanism because he was arrested on the basis of an ICTR arrest warrant. \u201cSo it has primacy,\u201d he concludes. \u201cBut the question is: Is that the right thing to do?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The surprise arrest in May of an old Rwandan man, soon after the end of lockdown in a chic Paris suburb, is having knock-on consequences. High-profile fugitive F\u00e9licien Kabuga has changed overnight the prospects of the \u201cMechanism\u201d, a sleepy \u201cresidual\u201d international court. Yesterday, September 30, a Paris court confirmed he should be sent to Tanzania […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":61933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[557],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2431],"class_list":["post-45547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other","ji_location-rwanda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKabuga\u2019s transfer to the Mechanism: Is it the right thing to do? - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45547-kabuga-transfer-mechanism-is-it-the-right-thing-to-do.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kabuga\u2019s transfer to the Mechanism: Is it the right thing to do?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The surprise arrest in May of an old Rwandan man, soon after the end of lockdown in a chic Paris suburb, is having knock-on consequences. 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High-profile fugitive F\u00e9licien Kabuga has changed overnight the prospects of the \u201cMechanism\u201d, a sleepy \u201cresidual\u201d international court. Yesterday, September 30, a Paris court confirmed he should be sent to Tanzania […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45547-kabuga-transfer-mechanism-is-it-the-right-thing-to-do.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_published_time":"2020-10-01T06:17:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/6526c56b2c671cb31db0658bb0e589ef.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Janet H. Anderson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@janethanderson","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Janet H. 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