{"id":45778,"date":"2020-10-26T00:35:25","date_gmt":"2020-10-25T23:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/45778-hippocratic-betrayal-in-gambia.html"},"modified":"2020-10-26T00:35:25","modified_gmt":"2020-10-25T23:35:25","slug":"hippocratic-betrayal-in-gambia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45778-hippocratic-betrayal-in-gambia.html","title":{"rendered":"Hippocratic betrayal in Gambia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr Tamsir Mbowe, a former Health Minister, was a highly expected witness before Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission. In 2007 he was the director of former president Yahya Jammeh\u2019s HIV\/AIDS treatment programme, considered as a deadly hoax by all other witnesses. Dr Mbowe maintained the treatment was effective and took no responsibility. Has he breached medical ethics?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cThe treatment is true,\u201d said Dr Tamsir Mbowe, a soviet-trained gynecologist and\u00a0obstetrician, testifying before Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) on October 21. \u201cWhy will someone have a viral load of 200 million copies [sic] and after two months of treatment, it is undetectable? It is because of the medication.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2007, Gambian autocrat Yahya Jammeh announced that he had found a plant-based concoction that could cure AIDS within three days. Dr Mbowe became the director of Jammeh\u2019s presidential HIV\/AIDS treatment programme. In recent public hearings before the TRRC, 10 patients, 5 medical doctors including a scientist with specialty in HIV, 3 lab technicians and Jammeh\u2019s former aide de camp \u2013 who all participated in Jammeh\u2019s treatment \u2013 described Jammeh\u2019s treatment as a \u201choax\u201d, a fake cure that cost the lives of a number of those who enrolled in the presidential programme.<\/p>\n

Apart from Ansumana Jammeh, a brother of the former Gambian president with no medical background, Dr Mbowe is the only person who still seems to believe Jammeh\u2019s treatment worked, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.<\/p>\n

Truth and manipulation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

His testimony before the TRRC put an end to the Commission\u2019s inquiry into Jammeh\u2019s deadly HIV\/Aids treatment. But for Essa Faal, lead counsel of the TRRC, it was a frustrating end.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou are the only doctor who appeared here and mistook undetectable viral loads with cure and this is a fundamental problem in your treatment,\u201d Faal put to Dr Mbowe.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe treatment is true,\u201d replied Dr Mbowe.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe truth is you don\u2019t have any evidence of that.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe evidence is the viral load results.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cBut how do we know that?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cGo to Dakar\u2026 [Samples of Dr Mbowe\u2019s HIV patients were first sent to a lab in Dakar, Senegal, in 2007.] The virus has been eliminated because of the medication.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cOr manipulation.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNo. I don\u2019t think the labs in Egypt [where samples were sent later on] will manipulate the results.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cEgypt will rely on what you take there. They have not seen the patients and they have not extracted the blood. Correct?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThat is true.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Until now, not everything is known about Jammeh\u2019s concoction. Even Dr Mbowe didn\u2019t seem to know about the medication. And he confirmed that records for his treatment results are also not available.\u00a0Curing HIV\/AIDS was actually not the only medical claim of Jammeh. The former president also said he could conquer demons and could exorcise someone who is possessed.\u00a0According to Dr Assan Jaye, a previous TRRC witness, Jammeh had expressed early in his presidency (1994-2017) that he had wanted to be a medical doctor.\u00a0\u201cIt got to a point, I think he [Jammeh] wanted Gambians to think he was supernatural,\u201d added Dr\u00a0<\/strong>Adama Amadou Sallah, owner of one of Gambia\u2019s leading private clinics Lamtoro, who appeared before the TRRC on October 19.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Dr Sallah: \u201cIt was an outright dangerous therapeutic intervention. Anybody who aided and abated [Jammeh] was also carrying out an unlawful activity.\" \u00a9 Mustapha K. Darboe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Coercive methods, deadly results<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Essa Faal counted 10 people who died during Jammeh\u2019s AIDS treatment and several others who died immediately after they were discharged. Dr Mbowe claimed that in his records, there were about 4 deaths and that those were not in their hands when they died.\u00a0<\/p>\n

All the experts who appeared before the Commission said Jammeh\u2019s treatment was what led to the death of the patients. Dr Sallah\u2019s own maid, an HIV patient, joined the presidential treatment at some point. She died after being discharged despite the fact that she got back to her antiretroviral drugs.\u00a0\u201cI am on the view that if she had continued with anti-retroviral drug, she could even have been around with us today,\u201d Dr Sallah said.\u00a0\u201cThe extent of the damage this treatment has done to some families and patients is really not quantifiable in terms of human suffering. It was a slow but sure dying process,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

All former patients who testified before the Truth Commission painted a coercive environment where patients were denied visitors or leaving the center. They said they were under heavy guard. Dr Mbowe denied this. However, in a statement given to the Commission beforehand, this is what he wrote: \u201cThe session usually last for many hours per day. I barely had any sleep in the first six months of the first year because it was a marathon. The patients were not allowed any visitors from family or from anyone, hence the heavy security. They were really guarded just like presidents. If a person was not part of the treatment programme, they were not permitted to talk to the patients. It was really a heavily guarded place.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHow do you reconcile [the fact that] what you said to the Commission and what you said in your statement are diametrically opposed?\u201d asked Essa Fall.<\/p>\n

\u201cYes,\u201d Dr Mbowe replied as if he was a bit destabilized.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnd only one of them can be true.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat I meant here was the first six months of the treatment and not after the six months.\u201d<\/p>\n

Unlawful practice<\/strong><\/h3>\n

It is the Gambia Medical and Dental Council that has the\u00a0responsibility for determining the standard of knowledge and skills to be attained by persons seeking to become members of the medical or dental profession, and for reviewing those standards. \u201cIt should have been brought to the attention of the regulatory authorities and to the Medical Council for breach of medical conduct by doctors who participated in it,\u201d said Dr Sallah. The problem at the time was that Dr Mbowe was the Health minister and Jammeh was the President. (Dr Mbowe served as Gambia\u2019s Health minister from 2004 to November 2007 and as director of the HIV\/AIDS presidential treatment from January 2007 to 2016.)<\/p>\n

\u201cJammeh had no certified training in the practice of medicine, may be not even in customary therapeutics. Practicing in a manner which endangers people\u2019s lives and health, to me, is by all definitions unlawful. If you look at the provisions of the law, it condemns that kind of behavior,\u201d said Dr Sallah.\u00a0But for him, the medical doctors who participated in the process carry some responsibility of the wrongdoing too.\u00a0\u201cIt was an outright dangerous therapeutic intervention. Anybody who aided and abated him in what he was doing was also carrying out an unlawful activity. Professionally it constitutes an objectionable behavior that is not compatible with what the profession expects from any practitioner,\u201d Dr Sallah concluded.<\/p>\n

\u201cAre you bound by the ethics of the medical profession?\u201d asked Faal.<\/p>\n

\u201cI was given the medical certificate to restore the sick to health,\u201d answered Dr Mbowe. \u201cI was not given the certificate to practice medicine by the Medical and Dental Council but by my university.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cAre you serious?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cI am 100% serious.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cAre you suggesting that regardless of your university qualifications, you are not bound by code of ethics of the medical profession?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cWell, I am not registered there.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe question is not whether you are registered. Are you bound by the code of conduct of the medical profession in the Gambia?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYes.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr Tamsir Mbowe, a former Health Minister, was a highly expected witness before Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission. In 2007 he was the director of former president Yahya Jammeh\u2019s HIV\/AIDS treatment programme, considered as a deadly hoax by all other witnesses. Dr Mbowe maintained the treatment was effective and took no responsibility. Has he […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":61921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[542],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2509],"class_list":["post-45778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-commissions","ji_location-gambia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHippocratic betrayal in Gambia - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/45778-hippocratic-betrayal-in-gambia.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hippocratic betrayal in Gambia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr Tamsir Mbowe, a former Health Minister, was a highly expected witness before Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission. 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