{"id":82129,"date":"2021-09-14T10:33:40","date_gmt":"2021-09-14T08:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=82129"},"modified":"2021-09-14T15:10:03","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T13:10:03","slug":"bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html","title":{"rendered":"Bosnia genocide denial ban stirs tension"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The outgoing UN High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina\u2019s rare use of his executive powers to ban genocide denial is causing political waves, including threats of \u201cdissolution\u201d from the Serb leader of the joint presidency. Will this controversial move help or hinder peace and justice, and how might the new legal provisions be applied?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Just a week before handing over, on August 1, UN High Representative for Bosnia Valentin Inzko of Austria used his so-called \u201cBonn powers\u201d under the 1995 Dayton Agreement<\/a> to amend the Bosnian Criminal Code. The goal is to penalize those who \u201cpublicly approve, deny, grossly minimise or attempt to justify the crime of genocide, crime against humanity and war crime\u201d, and make them liable to jail sentences of six months to five years. In practice, this would relate to denials of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre of Muslim Bosniaks by Serb forces, which has been deemed genocide by both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)<\/a> and the International Court of Justice<\/a> (ICJ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emir Suljagi\u0107, director of the Srebrenica Memorial Center<\/a>, says Inzko\u2019s move is a \u201crelief\u201d in a climate of increasing genocide denial by some Bosnian Serbs and in Serbia. \u201cIf you're a survivor, what you hear in genocide denial is \u2018we will do it again and, by the way, what we did last time wasn't really genocide\u2019,\u201d he told Justice Info. \u201cI hear it as a threat, and a promise of more violence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But for many Serbs, the idea of criminalizing genocide denial is an affront to their very identity. \u201cThis legal term of genocide has a lot of political weight,\u201d Luka \u0160teri\u0107, a researcher at the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy<\/a>, told Justice Info. \u201cThe [Serb] population are very unwilling to accept that, and you can\u2019t impose a narrative, you have to try to change it slowly.\u201d \u0160teri\u0107 says it will only deepen the existing constitutional and institutional crisis in Bosnia and fuel the narrative among some Serbs that what happened in Srebrenica involved serious crimes but was not genocide. Otherwise, he says, Bosnian Serbs fear their entity will be seen as founded on genocide. \u201cIn Republika Srpska<\/a>, very few people will accept the decision by the Hague tribunal several times that there has been a genocide in Srebrenica, because in their heads that would delegitimize the whole notion of existence for Republika Srpska<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serb backlash<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Backlash from leaders of the Bosnian Serb entity Republika Srpska<\/a> was swift. Since August, they have been boycotting federal institutions and refusing to talk to the new High Representative, Christian Schmidt of Germany. In addition, the Bosnian Serb assembly has passed amendments<\/a> to the Criminal Code of Republika Srpska<\/a> introducing criminal punishments for anyone who presents the entity as genocidal, and some hardliners have said that police will, in the event, prevent imprisonment of any Serbs accused of genocide denial. \u0160teri\u0107 says it has deepened not only political but also legal instability in the country, with two criminal codes that are diametrically opposed, and this will not serve victims. He thinks Inzko\u2019s decision is \u201cvery unproductive\u201d. \u201cIf the goal was to serve transitional justice and change the narrative in Bosnia, it has actually had the completely opposite impact,\u201d he told Justice Info.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inzko\u2019s decision was hailed as \u201chistoric\u201d by the leaders of Bosnia\u2019s Muslim-Croat entity. Bakir Izetbegovic, leader of the main Bosnian party (SDA), congratulated Inzko \u201cfor having ended his term of office in Bosnia with dignity\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the hardline Serb member of Bosnia\u2019s tri-member presidency Milorad Dodik called Inzko\u2019s move a \u201cred line\u201d. In an act of provocation, he reiterated that what happened in Srebrenica was not genocide and challenged federal prosecutors to come and get him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Will the new ban be applied?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In this fraught context, \u0160teri\u0107 doubts the criminal penalties will be applied, or only \u201cto some very limited extent just to demonstrate that they're alive\u201d. The courts will be aware of the political and social consequences of jailing Serbs for genocide denial, he believes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suljagi\u0107 is not confident either that the new penalties will be applied. \u201cThere is more than enough material for the prosecutor of Bosnia-Herzegovina to move on this. But we're not seeing it, because the Bosnian judiciary and the office of the Bosnian Prosecutor are deeply, deeply corrupt,\u201d he told Justice Info.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate of genocide denial<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Inzko justified his last minute move in a statement<\/a>, saying he decided to use his powers after waiting years for Bosnia\u2019s politicians to act. He cited a refusal by the Bosnian Serb assembly to withdraw decorations awarded to three convicted war criminals. \u201cThe situation has gotten worse and is now getting out of hand. Therefore, I believe it is now necessary to regulate this matter with legal solutions,\u201d he stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In June, the Srebrenica Memorial Center\u2019s latest report<\/a> noted that \u201cgenocide denial, including the glorification of war crimes and criminals, remains widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and neighbouring countries.\u201d Over the course of the past year, the Center identified 234 instances of genocide denial in the regional public and media discourse. The vast majority occurred in Serbia (142), followed by BiH (60), and Montenegro (19). The three most common rhetorical tactics used, according to the report, are \u201cdisputing the number and identity of victims\u201d, \u201cconspiracy theories which challenge the rulings and integrity of international courts\u201d, and \u201cnationalist historical revisionism\u201d. The Center published its first report<\/a> on genocide denial in 2020 but did not quantify cases in the same way, making a comparison difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suljagi\u0107 says the Bosnian Serb entity has invested political efforts and money \u201cin its genocide denial strategy\u201d. Notably, in an attempt to convince the international community, it mandated a nominally independent \u201cInternational commission of inquiry on the sufferings of all peoples in the Srebrenica region between 1992 and 1995<\/a>\u201d, led by an Israeli. Although nuanced with an understanding that heinous crimes were committed and should be punished, the report of that commission concludes that \u201cneither an individual crime of genocide nor genocide in general took place in Srebrenica\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suljagi\u0107 dismisses the authors of this report as mostly anti-Muslim extremists. \u0160teri\u0107 thinks the credibility of the commission is not even an issue, as it is just part of ongoing Serb efforts to get their narrative heard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s next?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160teri\u0107 thinks Inzko\u2019s belated move might signal a desire of the international community to get tougher on Bosnia, with its institutional fragility and eternal existential tensions, not only between Bosniaks and Serbs but amongst Serbs and between Bosniaks and Croats. The \u201cBonn powers\u201d conferred on the High Representative give him the right to act in case of a political stalemate and \u201cimpose his will\u201d to break it, explains \u0160teri\u0107. These powers were used a lot during the 1990s, just after the end of the Bosnian war when the new institutions were young. But until July 2021, they had not been used for 12 years. \u201cThe fact that this precedent has been set and the powers have been used after all this time maybe demonstrates that the international community is sick and tired of this political crisis in Bosnia,\u201d he says. \u201cMaybe there's an attempt to create change, to revive this mechanism of action to try and overcome the dysfunctions of the institutions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But he still thinks it is counterproductive. The genocide denial ban is likely to fuel more rhetoric on all sides, adds \u0160teri\u0107, but all political sides are aware of the consequences of taking this further. \u201cI don't think that Republika Srpska has the support of any significant international actor to push forward with some kind of independence,\u201d he says, while pointing out that crises in the Balkans are nevertheless unpredictable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile the new High Representative, in office since August, seems to be taking a rather neutral and conciliatory stance so far, say both \u0160teri\u0107 and Suljagi\u0107. But it remains to be seen.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tThe legacy of Srebrenica and the bitter victories of genocide\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The outgoing UN High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina\u2019s rare use of his executive powers to ban genocide denial is causing political waves, including threats of \u201cdissolution\u201d from the Serb leader of the joint presidency. Will this controversial move help or hinder peace and justice, and how might the new legal provisions be applied?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":82109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[545],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2137],"class_list":["post-82129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-memory","ji_location-bosnia-herzegovina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBosnia genocide denial ban stirs tension - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bosnia genocide denial ban stirs tension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The outgoing UN High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina\u2019s rare use of his executive powers to ban genocide denial is causing political waves, including threats of \u201cdissolution\u201d from the Serb leader of the joint presidency. 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Will this controversial move help or hinder peace and justice, and how might the new legal provisions be applied?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Juliacra","article_published_time":"2021-09-14T08:33:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-09-14T13:10:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-Srebrenica-scaled-e1631605857786.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Julia Crawford","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@JuliaCrawford13","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Julia Crawford","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html"},"author":{"name":"jcrawford","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b25d0aaceb5ef616c169bbc5e5b2d7e5"},"headline":"Bosnia genocide denial ban stirs tension","datePublished":"2021-09-14T08:33:40+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-14T13:10:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html"},"wordCount":1316,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-Srebrenica-scaled-e1631605857786.jpg","articleSection":["Memory"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html","name":"Bosnia genocide denial ban stirs tension - JusticeInfo.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-Srebrenica-scaled-e1631605857786.jpg","datePublished":"2021-09-14T08:33:40+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-14T13:10:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/82129-bosnia-genocide-denial-ban-stirs-tension.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-Srebrenica-scaled-e1631605857786.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-Srebrenica-scaled-e1631605857786.jpg","width":2560,"height":1707,"caption":"A picture taken on July 9, 2020 shows Potocari memorial cemetery, near Srebrenica two days before the commemoration 25 years after Srebrenica massacre. - Hundreds of sets of remains, found in several mass graves in Eastern Bosnia, believed to belong to Bosnian Muslims, victims of Srebrenica 1995 massacre, still wait to be identified and burried. Bosnian Serb forces killed more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys in a few days after capturing the ill-fated town on July 11, 1995. As the commemoration of Europe's worst atrocity since Word War II on July 11 nears, the survivors see the \"denial\" as part of the massacre itself and the main obstacle for easing tensions between the two ethnic groups. 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