{"id":84857,"date":"2021-11-29T10:51:47","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=84857"},"modified":"2023-09-21T10:43:54","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T08:43:54","slug":"oil-war-crimes-swedish-justice-front-line","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/84857-oil-war-crimes-swedish-justice-front-line.html","title":{"rendered":"Oil and war crimes: Swedish justice in the front line"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On November 11, the president and former director of the Lundin Energy company were indicted for complicity in war crimes. The charges relate to attacks carried out against civilians between 1999 and 2003 in an area of the future South Sudan where the Swedish company was operating an oil field.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

It is a first in Sweden, applauded by human rights activists for corporate responsibilty<\/a>. On November 11, two Swedish executives, Ian Lundin and Alex Schneiter who were president and director of Swedish oil company Lundin at the time of the events, were indicted for \"complicity in war crimes\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe impact of a company\u2019s activities in a war zone and the accountability of its representatives have never been part of a criminal case in Sweden before,\u201d says G\u00f6ran Hjalmarsson, a lawyer representing 13 victims in this case. This is because \"many corporations look at human rights as a source of risk that must be managed, instead of a norm that must be upheld\", Egbert Wesselink, spokesman for NGO PAX and co-author of the \u201cUnpaid debt<\/a>\u201d report that sparked the initial probe, said in an interview with Reuters<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New oilfield, new atrocities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 1999, Sudan had been ravaged for years by a war between South Sudan \u2013 which obtained independence in 2011 \u2013 and the government of Omar Al-Bashir in Khartoum. Lundin Oil had been prospecting for oil in a southern area called Block 5A for three years. \u201cThis area had been relatively spared from the effects of the civil war,\u201d notes prosecutor Henrik Attorps, who is leading the investigation, but then became \u201cone of the worst affected areas\u201d after Lundin discovered an oilfield.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn this case, the war crime itself was perpetrated by the Sudanese military and its allied militias,\u201d Attorps explains. \u201cFor four years, until Lundin Oil left in 2003, they led systematic attacks on civilians or at least indiscriminate attacks, in violation of international humanitarian law.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The aim was to control the area. Attacks included bombings, shooting at civilians from helicopter gunships, burning villages and their crops. \u201cConsequently, many civilians were killed, injured and displaced from Block 5A,\u201d the prosecutor continues. The precise number of casualties directly related to these events is not recorded, but PAX's Unpaid Debt report estimates that several thousand people were killed by the fighting or by hunger due to the destruction of crops, and some 200,000 people were forcibly displaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The chairman of the oil company, Ian Lundin, and the director at the time, Alex Schneiter, were complicit in these crimes by asking the Sudanese government to secure the area, says the prosecutor. \u00a0\u201cThese two representatives had a decisive influence over the company\u2019s activities at the time and were also the ones who had the crucial contacts with the Sudan government,\u201d he explains. \u00a0By presenting Khartoum with oil exploration projects in an area that the army did not control, or by making agreements with the government to build roads, the executives of Lundin Oil \u201cknew or at least were indifferent to the fact that the military, to secure their activities and take control over this area, would have to fight, and the way they fought involved illegal warfare,\u201d continues the prosecutor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the criminal charges against the two executives, the Attorps prosecution team is requesting that SEK 1,391,791,000 (approximately 136 million euros) be confiscated from the company, which is the current value of the profits from the 2003 sale of Lundin Oil's operations in the area to the Malaysian company Petronas Carigali.  \u201cIn Sweden, we do not have corporate criminal accountability,\u201d says Attorps, \u201cbut when somebody or a company makes a profit because of a crime, this profit can be confiscated, along with any increase in value, as a forfeiture.\u201d This forfeiture is not specifically demanded for reparations, which could be independently requested by civil parties at trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An 80,000 pages investigation report<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lundin Oil - now called Lundin Energy - immediately reacted to the indictment with an emphatic denial.  <\/a>\u201cThis case is both unfounded and fundamentally flawed,\u201d said the company\u2019s current director Nick Walker in a communiqu\u00e9<\/a>. \u201cThere is no evidence linking any Company representative to the alleged primary crimes in this case and we see no circumstance in which a corporate fine or forfeiture could become payable given this fact.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hjalmarsson disagrees: \u201cI have been following this case for the past seven years and, given that it is an extremely big case, they wouldn't have prosecuted if they didn't have very firm grounds.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The preliminary investigation report, which totals some 80,000 pages, gathers accounts from victims of the conflict in the area, interviews with experts but also with internal company witnesses, Attorps says. When the Swedish investigators visited Sudan and South Sudan in 2013, they were unable to gain direct access to the Block 5A area due to ongoing conflict. \u201cNevertheless,\u201d the prosecutor continues, \u201cregarding the complicity, the company handed over some internal documents at the beginning of the investigation and we made a search and seizure at the company where we seized a number of documents, including internal communications as well as communications with the government of Sudan\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In all, some 30 victims - most of them abroad or living in the region's refugee camps - are expected to join as civil parties in the future trial<\/a>. The trial is expected to begin in mid-2022 and last more than a year. \"It will probably be the longest trial of its kind in Sweden, with at least 175 court days,\" says lawyer Hjalmarsson. The two defendants, Lundin and Schneiter, who currently reside in Switzerland, face possible life sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"Lundin\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tLundin faces prosecution for Sudan oil war abuses\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On November 11, the president and former director of the Lundin Energy company were indicted for complicity in war crimes. 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