{"id":86932,"date":"2022-01-25T10:45:26","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T09:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=86932"},"modified":"2024-05-02T17:18:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T15:18:24","slug":"five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html","title":{"rendered":"Five years on, the slow wheels of Swiss justice in Gambian case"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Five years ago, on 26 January 2017, former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko was arrested in Switzerland, suspected of crimes against humanity. Five years after, he is still in pre-trial detention in the Alpine country. Why is it taking so long to complete investigations<\/strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

In the Gambia, Ousman Sonko was Interior Minister under ex-dictator Yahya Jammeh from 2006 to 2016. In Switzerland, he is accused of having had command responsibility in widespread abuses committed by agents and bodies under his control, including the police, National Intelligence Agency, notorious hit-squad the \u201cJunglers\u201d, and prison services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Gambia\u2019s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), whose report was  published in December<\/a>, includes him as one of the individuals<\/a> who should be prosecuted. It portrays him as a close member of Jammeh\u2019s regime, which committed widespread abuses against civilians, including torture, extrajudicial killings, mock executions and sexual violence. Many of these crimes took place in prisons and secret detention centres falling under Sonko\u2019s authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arrested in Switzerland in January 2017, Sonko has been in jail ever since. His case was brought on a complaint from Geneva-based NGO TRIAL International, initially for torture, which was then requalified as crimes against humanity. To Sonko\u2019s lawyer, keeping him in pre-trial detention in Switzerland for five years while the Office of the Attorney General continues to investigate is an abuse of his rights. \u201cI can understand that in a universal jurisdiction case against a former minister from a third country, it could be considered that there could be a risk of evasion or interfering with the process. But that does not mean you can dispense with his rights,\u201d Sonko\u2019s lawyer Philippe Currat told Justice Info. \u201cHe has been in preventive detention for five years without being informed of any precise charge. They say crime against humanity, but without any precision nor individualisation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indictment this year?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Switzerland\u2019s Office of the Attorney General (OAG) is notoriously slow and under-resourced<\/a> on international crimes cases. TRIAL International has been critical<\/a> in the past, but its director Philip Grant thinks there are now reasons to hope that the Sonko case is speeding up, with a possible indictment this year. He points to the fact that Swiss investigators have been to Gambia several times, that they have obtained cooperation from the government and from the TRRC, and that there is more court scrutiny each time prosecutors seek to renew Sonko\u2019s remand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Switzerland has a new Attorney General<\/a> who took office on January 1, and might give more priority to prosecuting international crimes. \u201cThey cannot just drag on for years with these cases that are so important,\u201d says Grant. \u201cThere are many reasons why they should increase capacity on international crimes cases, but it will depend on the new Attorney General\u2019s strategic vision.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNew evidence\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grant points out that Swiss law allows for longer periods of pre-trial detention than countries like Germany<\/a> and the US<\/a> which have also taken Gambia cases under the principle of universal jurisdiction<\/a>. Under Swiss law, suspects can be remanded in custody<\/a> longer and more often than in neighbouring countries. Sonko\u2019s remand has to be approved by a court every three months, and so far the court has approved it. On September 1, 2021, the Appeals Court of Switzerland\u2019s Federal Criminal Court also pointed to new evidence in granting the prosecutors\u2019 request for more time to complete investigations. It cited Gambian witnesses brought to Bern or interviewed in Gambia who spoke of Sonko as being close to Jammeh, and who said Sonko was present and aware of various serious abuses committed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonko, if he is finally brought to trial, will be only the second person to be tried by a Swiss civil court for international crimes. Unlike in the case of Liberian Alieu Kosiah, who was in June 2021 sentenced to 20 years for war crimes<\/a>, Swiss investigators in the Gambian case have been to the country to gather evidence and interview witnesses. The Office of the Attorney General confirmed in an E-mail to Justice Info that \u201ca delegation of the OAG and fedpol [Federal Office of Police] travelled to The Gambia several times in the context of the proceedings in order to collect evidence in the context of mutual legal assistance, including to conduct interrogations\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interviewed by our correspondent in The Gambia, Ajie Adam Ceesay and Baffo Jeng, Gambian state lawyers facilitating the Swiss prosecutors\u2019 visit on the advice of Gambia\u2019s Justice Minister, confirmed to Justice Info that they \u201carranged those interviews\u201d for the Swiss. \u201cWe are not part of the process directly. They do some interviews at our conference room,\u201d they said. The interviews would often be through a video link, where both Sonko and his lawyers would also partake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Little information has leaked about which witnesses or possible sites the Swiss team may have wanted to see. However, based on the records of Gambia\u2019s Truth Commission, witnesses might include Binta Jamba, who claimed to have been raped by Ousman Sonko; Lalo Jaiteh, who claimed to have been privy to circumstances around the murder of Almamo Manneh, a one-time ally of the ex-ruler who was reportedly murdered by Sonko and others on Jammeh\u2019s orders; and witnesses in the murder case of West African migrants<\/a>, since Sonko is one of the people said to have participated in a cover-up after their executions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The TRRC report found<\/a> that the then Interior Minister was one of the people who \u201cplanned and organized\u201d the unlawful killing of Almamo Manneh, a member of the State Guards who was accused of being a coup plotter. It also lists Sonko<\/a> as one of the \u201cenablers and accomplices\u201d in the \u201carrest, enforced disappearance, and extrajudicial execution in The Gambia of over 67 unarmed West African economic migrants who the Jammeh regime perceived as mercenaries\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The report also found that the former Interior Minister was implicated in the unlawful killing of nine prison inmates in August 2012, and in the attempted assassination of lawyer Ousman Sillah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sexual violence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One of the big questions is whether Sonko could be charged in Switzerland with rape and\/or sexual violence. Grant says the TRRC, although it is not a court or a prosecutors\u2019 office, confirmed in its report that \u201ca lot of sexual offences were carried out by the system of which Sonko was a leading figure\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Court decisions to renew Sonko\u2019s remand, which include looking at evidence gathering by the Office of the Attorney General, suggest this is already on the Swiss investigators\u2019 radar. If such charges were brought, would it be for command responsibility only, or also direct rape as alleged by Binta Jamba before the TRRC?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the TRRC report<\/a>, Jamba, a member of the police, testified that Sonko sexually harassed and raped her more than 70 times after the death of her husband Almamo Manneh, as well as beating her and threatening her with a pistol. The report concludes that \u201cin view of the above, Ousman Sonko is responsible for the several rapes and torture of Binta Jamba\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If and when Sonko is tried in Switzerland, it could be a powerful symbol. Given that Gambia\u2019s ex-president Jammeh is in exile in Equatorial Guinea, under the protection of its long-time leader Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Sonko could become the highest person in Jammeh\u2019s regime brought to justice. It could be important for transitional justice in Gambia. It could also be important for Switzerland\u2019s commitment to prosecuting international crimes.<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tOusman Sonko: a view on the Swiss case, from Gambia\u2019s Truth Commission\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Five years ago, on 26 January 2017, former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko was arrested in Switzerland, suspected of crimes against humanity. Five years after, he is still in pre-trial detention in the Alpine country. 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Why is it taking so long to complete investigations?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Juliacra","article_published_time":"2022-01-25T09:45:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-02T15:18:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gambia_Ousman-Sonko_@FNI.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Julia Crawford","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@JuliaCrawford13","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Julia Crawford","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html"},"author":{"name":"jcrawford","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b25d0aaceb5ef616c169bbc5e5b2d7e5"},"headline":"Five years on, the slow wheels of Swiss justice in Gambian case","datePublished":"2022-01-25T09:45:26+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-02T15:18:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html"},"wordCount":1250,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gambia_Ousman-Sonko_@FNI.jpg","keywords":["crime against humanity","Ousman Sonko","sexual violence","torture"],"articleSection":["Universal jurisdiction"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html","name":"Five years on, the slow wheels of Swiss justice in Gambian case - JusticeInfo.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gambia_Ousman-Sonko_@FNI.jpg","datePublished":"2022-01-25T09:45:26+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-02T15:18:24+00:00","description":"Five years ago, on 26 January 2017, former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko was arrested in Switzerland, suspected of crimes against humanity. Five years after, he is still in pre-trial detention in the Alpine country. Why is it taking so long to complete investigations?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gambia_Ousman-Sonko_@FNI.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gambia_Ousman-Sonko_@FNI.jpg","width":900,"height":600,"caption":"Former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko has been held in pre-trial detention in Switzerland since January 2017. The investigation is still ongoing, but the NGO TRIAL International, which initiated the complaint, is hoping for an indictment in 2022. \u00a9 FNI"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/86932-five-years-on-slow-wheels-swiss-justice-gambian-case.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Five years on, the slow wheels of Swiss justice in Gambian case"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Julia Crawford","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Juliacra","https:\/\/x.com\/JuliaCrawford13"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/jcrawford"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86932"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86943,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86932\/revisions\/86943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86932"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=86932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}