{"id":89238,"date":"2022-03-24T10:10:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T09:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=89238"},"modified":"2022-03-24T10:44:58","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T09:44:58","slug":"unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html","title":{"rendered":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

It was almost thirty years ago when nine men from Ogoniland in the southeast of Nigeria were hanged for their alleged responsibility for the murders of four leaders from their own community. They became known as the \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019. Among them was Nigerian writer and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa. Their case became a world symbol of the brutal dictatorship of Nigeria\u2019s military leader Sani Abacha, and of the environmental destruction<\/a> and disregard for local communities by the multinational petroleum industry, among them Royal Dutch Shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 1995 trial was seen by observers at the time as flawed \u2013 the men\u2019s lawyers quit part way through in protest at what they considered a rigged process. In 2017 the reverberations of this original trial made their way to a court in The Netherlands. The case at the district court of The Hague was brought by Esther Kiobel, widow of Barinem Kiobel, one of the \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019, alongside three of the other widows. They have been supported by human rights pressure group Amnesty International over many years in efforts to have Shell be held responsible for what happened to their husbands. However, on March 23 judges decided<\/a> that shaky witness\u2019 recollections made it impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the men\u2019s deaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Witness\u2019 testimonies, 30 years later<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When Saro-Wiwa was put on trial in May 1994, it was headline news. He had made a name campaigning against the pollution of his homeland by oil production. He targeted the biggest company operating in Nigeria, Shell, which had a local subsidiary SPDC. He allied with environmental movements worldwide to call attention to the devastation oil had brought his community in the Niger Delta. Patches of oil soaked into the ground destroying traditional agriculture. Gas flares from the pipelines lit the night skies right next to villages. People lacked access to health facilities, roads, schools. Saro-Wiwa\u2019s Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) gathered the pent-up anger of the youth and gave them hope their conditions would change. Some in the community, especially those who had benefited from close relations with the oil companies and with the authorities objected. At the trial in Port Harcourt there were conflicting accounts of how the local leaders had died and whether MOSOP, Saro-Wiwa, or any of the other men on trial bore responsibility for the deaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was international outrage after the \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 were found guilty and hanged. Shell caught much of the flack; to do business in Nigeria they had to be close to the military authorities, but precisely how dirty their hands were was hotly debated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ken
Writer and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was tried and hanged by the Nigerian military junta in 1995.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

At the court in The Hague, judges have tried to pick their way through closed-door testimonies of people who had said they believed Shell had been involved - via bribery - in fixing the testimony against Saro-Wiwa and the others. \u201cThis is the core of the issue\u201d, says Lucas Roorda of Utrecht University. \u201cIt\u2019s something that happened 30 years ago in a very opaque situation. Relying on witness statements would be difficult one year later and is exponentially more difficult 30 years after the facts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imbalanced access to information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The judges concluded that the recollections were too unclear for them to be sure and decided that Esther Kiobel and her fellow widows could not prove their case that Shell should be held responsible for the human rights abuses they had suffered. \u201cThey didn\u2019t even get to that question\u201d, says Roorda, \u201cit was all about content of the witness statements.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019 the judges had already rejected<\/a> a range of claims from the plaintiffs, while saying the case could go ahead. Again, this time the judges turned down the repeated arguments from the widows\u2019 lawyers that Shell failed to use its \u201cinfluence \u2013 publicly or otherwise \u2013 to urge the Nigerian government to hold a fair trial and show clemency to the Ogoni 9\u201d, saying \u201cthis accusation lacks any factual basis\u201d. Nor did the court accept evidence that Shell had promised \u201cto intervene in the trial on the condition that MOSOP would cease its resistance\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roorda says you \u201cneed to read these decisions together\u201d because in that first decision, the judges \u201calready boxed and dismissed much of the case\u201d by rejecting the claimants\u2019 disclosure requests for more evidence from Shell\u2019s records. \u201cThere\u2019s a big imbalance in the information situation between claimants and companies, that\u2019s what this case points to most of all,\u201d he says. While \u201cwe knew it, this result really makes it clear.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The limits of a civil case<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Speaking to journalists after the hearing on March 23 Esther Kiobel said, \u201cwhat matters is that our voice has been heard\u201d. Her lawyers said they would consider appealing and would want to reassess the 2019 \u201cwrong\u201d decision to exclude some evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are some good chances\u201d they can appeal, says Roorda. \u201cI think there are ample grounds to do it\u201d. He particularly points to the way the judges assessed the evidence that seemed to make it very hard for the claimants to prove their case. The judges did not make the standard they used explicit, he notes, but the way the judgment reads is as if they used \u201cbeyond reasonable doubt\u201d as their yardstick; \u201cit reads is like a criminal investigation,\u201d he says, rather than the \u201cbalance of probabilities\u201d that would usually be seen in a civil case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seun Bakare from Amnesty International was disappointed by the verdict especially by how long the victims have had to wait. \u201cHuman memory is feeble. Even victims cannot preserve evidence as they want. Courts should not delay.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened was that the widows had previously tried for many years to press their suit against Shell through the US courts, but that was rejected by the Supreme Court in 2013<\/a>, because there was not sufficient linkage to the US. It was only after that they turned to the Netherlands as the home country of Shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roorda stresses it\u2019s important to realise that civil courts do not conduct investigations and are dependent on what parties bring to them. In this case it was difficult to assess how the court dealt with the evidence because so much was confidential, he says. \u201cNormally this kind of court deals with car crashes,\u201d he notes. \u201cCould the court do more? Maybe. But what can you reasonably expect?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":89226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[561,566],"tags":[],"ji_location":[2383],"class_list":["post-89238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-justice","category-national-tribunals","ji_location-nigeria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JusticeInfo.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1022\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"714\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Janet H. Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@janethanderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@justiceinfonet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Janet H. Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"janderson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/28784f9ef986d3631dded75f4d7d63ac\"},\"headline\":\"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\"},\"wordCount\":1128,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Environmental justice\",\"National tribunals\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\",\"name\":\"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria - JusticeInfo.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg\",\"width\":1022,\"height\":714,\"caption\":\"In 1997, two years after the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and his eight companions, Indian activists commemorated the crime in Bombay, their heads covered with a hangman's mask and a rope around their neck. \u00a9 Sebastian D'Souza \/ AFP\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/\",\"name\":\"JusticeInfo.net\",\"description\":\"For justice to be done, it must be seen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Justice Info\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png\",\"width\":1199,\"height\":1200,\"caption\":\"Justice Info\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Janet H. Anderson\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/janethanderson\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/janderson\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria - JusticeInfo.net","description":"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria","og_description":"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html","og_site_name":"JusticeInfo.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","article_published_time":"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1022,"height":714,"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Janet H. Anderson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@janethanderson","twitter_site":"@justiceinfonet","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Janet H. Anderson","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html"},"author":{"name":"janderson","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/28784f9ef986d3631dded75f4d7d63ac"},"headline":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria","datePublished":"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html"},"wordCount":1128,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg","articleSection":["Environmental justice","National tribunals"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html","name":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria - JusticeInfo.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-24T09:10:46+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-24T09:44:58+00:00","description":"On March 23 a Dutch court ruled that it was impossible to hold the oil company Shell liable for the 1995 trial and execution of Nigerian writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow Ogoni community leaders. The \u2018Ogoni 9\u2019 case has been remembered as a world symbol of oppression against indigenous minorities and the destruction of the environment by big oil companies.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/India_protest-Shell-Ken-Saro-Wiwa_@Sebastian-D-Souza-AFP.jpg","width":1022,"height":714,"caption":"In 1997, two years after the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and his eight companions, Indian activists commemorated the crime in Bombay, their heads covered with a hangman's mask and a rope around their neck. \u00a9 Sebastian D'Souza \/ AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/89238-unresolved-responsibility-big-oil-companies-nigeria.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The unresolved responsibility of Big Oil companies in Nigeria"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Janet H. Anderson","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/janethanderson"],"url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/janderson"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/79"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89238"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89251,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89238\/revisions\/89251"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89238"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=89238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}