{"id":90313,"date":"2022-04-08T10:13:32","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T08:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/?p=90313"},"modified":"2022-04-08T10:19:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T08:19:02","slug":"tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/90313-tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice.html","title":{"rendered":"Tunisia: A \u201creconciliation\u201d law that goes against transitional justice \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Corruption, tax fraud and misappropriation of public property can now be amnestied in Tunisia. On March 21, President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed used his expanded executive powers to sign a decree on criminal reconciliation, which adds to a law passed in 2017 under President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi. But it also angers civil society.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"We chose this day to focus on an ambitious project, and I wanted it to be Independence to present (...) the law on criminal reconciliation,\u201d announced Tunisian President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed on March 20, 2022, \u201cso people can recover the money stolen from them, rather than waiting for legal cases pending before the courts that have not allowed our people to recover much.\" <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The former constitutional law professor added: \"These funds that we recover we will transfer to the poor and disadvantaged regions, giving priority to the most disadvantaged.\u201d The next day, the presidential decree on criminal reconciliation was published in the Official Gazette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essebsi dreamed of it, Sa\u00efed did it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thus, Sa\u00efed has done what his predecessor B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi dreamed of. After more than two years of conflict with civil society, Ca\u00efd Essebsi (2014-2019) succeeded in passing a law whose ambitions had been revised down by the time it was adopted in September 2017. He had had to set aside the amnesty he wanted<\/a> for senior government officials suspected of embezzlement and those suspected of tax offences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wahid Ferchichi, a professor of public law, was a member of the technical committee responsible in 2012 for elaborating a draft law on Tunisian transitional justice. He remembers Sa\u00efed as a discreet and solitary colleague, who developed a taste for politics with the 2011 revolution and who attended some of their meetings. \"Sa\u00efed has not changed much,\u201d says Ferchichi. \u201cSince 2012, he has been obsessed with criminal reconciliation. He never stopped defending it during our debates.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redirecting ill-gotten gains to the regions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since the fall of Ben Ali, this law on \"national reconciliation\"<\/a> has kept returning to the mouths of politicians. Sa\u00efed has been talking about it since he was elected President in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new law allows the granting of an amnesty to any businessman or woman applying for \"financial reconciliation\" who has a case under examination by a Tunisian court for corruption, bribery, foreign exchange crime, customs crime or misappropriation of public property. The condition for benefiting is to repay or invest the disputed amounts in regional development, with regions being prioritized according to their poverty rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is what Sa\u00efed calls \"building democracy from below\", which he claims to be implementing since he became sole master of the state by declaring a state of emergency on July 25, 2021, freezing the parliament and dismissing the head of government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supreme Council of the Judiciary dissolved<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A decree dated September 22, 2021, grants the president unprecedented powers. This decree includes the suspension of the 2014 Constitution, with the exception of its preamble and the first two chapters relating to general provisions and rights and freedoms; the possibility for the president to legislate in all areas; the impossibility to appeal decrees on grounds of unconstitutionality; and the president\u2019s appointment of a government that he heads in the weekly cabinet meeting. Sa\u00efed used this decree to put in place \"his\" law on criminal reconciliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But there was a hitch. On December 27, the Ministry of Justice referred the bill to the Supreme Council of the Judiciary for an opinion. The independent body refused to validate it. It recalled that a transitional justice law had established specialized criminal chambers whose mandate includes dealing with cases related to corruption and financial malpractice. The Council pointed out that a decree could not override an organic law passed by a majority of parliament. On February 6, Sa\u00efed announced the dissolution of the Council and its replacement by a \"Provisional Council\", to which he has appointed most of the members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo tools or legal framework\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The same logic seems to apply to the law on criminal reconciliation, which consists of 51 articles. A commission for criminal reconciliation is to be set up under the Presidency. Its eight members are to be appointed by presidential decree. The Head of State has the right to dismiss its members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beneficiaries of reconciliation will have to pay 50% of the amount stolen from the state determined by the commission, or 50% of the cost of carrying out a regional development project corresponding to the same amount. Putting up this first instalment will allow each individual to benefit from a so-called provisional reconciliation stopping legal proceedings. The reconciliation will be final only after payment of the full amount within a period not exceeding three months. This will lead to the cancellation of prosecution and any sentences pronounced against the offender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The commission lacks transparency and independence. It has neither the tools nor the legal framework to render sentences on a crime or offence of corruption,\u201d warns Sihem Bensedrine<\/a>, former president of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD)<\/a>. \u201cIt is a court of exception, which offers no judicial guarantees.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thirty civil society groups and international NGOs also protested in a statement last week. They compared this new legislation to the law on administrative reconciliation adopted by former President Essebsi in 2017, which \"has not delivered on the administration\u2019s promises\", the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Press Release - The decree-law No. 13-2022 for penal reconciliation (PDF)<\/a>Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

What about the principle of non-repetition?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Civil society organizations say the law does not comply with the principles of transitional justice, namely truth seeking, accountability and institutional reform, which guarantee the non-repetition of violations. \"This will entrench the culture of impunity, which is already widespread in several state systems,\" the NGOs said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Does this mean that the specialized chambers will be suspended? \"No,\" said Ahmed Aloui, an officer at the Tunis office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. \"However, Sa\u00efed intends to withdraw from them the files linked to businessmen suspected of financial abuse. That could lead to an increase in corruption.\" Transitional justice has shown that during the period of the dictatorship there were close links between human rights violations and corruption, says Aloui. Moreover, he adds, such initiatives hinder the transitional justice process and call into question its objectives, namely institutional reforms and guarantees of non-repetition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"With this decree, will Tunisia denounce all the international conventions it has signed, including those relating to the fight against corruption?\" asks the human rights officer. The answer must be \"no\", according to him, \"because even if transitional justice mechanisms are no longer in the 'new' constitution, the upcoming referendum of July 25, 2022, Tunisia\u2019s commitments and the treaties it has ratified all take precedence.\"<\/p>\n\n\n

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
Recommended reading<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t
\"\"<\/div><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tTunisia\u2019s transitional justice at the mercy of politics\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Corruption, tax fraud and misappropriation of public property can now be amnestied in Tunisia. On March 21, President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed used his expanded executive powers to sign a decree on criminal reconciliation, which adds to a law passed in 2017 under President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi. But it also angers civil society.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":90291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[543],"tags":[3115,2933,2935],"ji_location":[2521],"class_list":["post-90313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reconciliation","tag-amnesty","tag-corruption-en","tag-impunity","ji_location-tunisia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTunisia: A \u201creconciliation\u201d law that goes against transitional justice \u00a0 - JusticeInfo.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Corruption, tax fraud and misappropriation of public property can now be amnestied in Tunisia. On March 21, President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed used his expanded executive powers to sign a decree on criminal reconciliation, which adds to a law passed in 2017 under President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi. 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On March 21, President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed used his expanded executive powers to sign a decree on criminal reconciliation, which adds to a law passed in 2017 under President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi. But it also angers civil society.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/90313-tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/90313-tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/90313-tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tunisie_manifestation-magistrats-avocats_@Olfa-Belhassine.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tunisie_manifestation-magistrats-avocats_@Olfa-Belhassine.jpg","width":1390,"height":800,"caption":"Sit-in of magistrates and lawyers in front of the Court of First Instance in Tunis on 10 February, after the dissolution of the Higher Council of the Magistracy, which has refused to validate the so-called penal reconciliation law of Tunisian President Ka\u00efes Sa\u00efed. \u00a9 Olfa Belhassine"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/90313-tunisia-reconciliation-law-against-transitional-justice.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tunisia: A \u201creconciliation\u201d law that goes against transitional justice \u00a0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","name":"JusticeInfo.net","description":"For justice to be done, it must be seen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#organization","name":"Justice Info","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/justiceinfo_logo-trans_1200x1200px.png","width":1199,"height":1200,"caption":"Justice Info"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JusticeInfo\/","https:\/\/x.com\/justiceinfonet","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/justice-info","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCyCEsARodyuWtkWyhn-e7pA"]},{"@type":"Person","name":"Olfa Belhassine","url":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/auteur\/obelhassine"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90313"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90324,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90313\/revisions\/90324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90313"},{"taxonomy":"ji_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ji_location?post=90313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}