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Rwanda

Contempt of court proceedings have been brought against Peter Robinson, a lawyer who defended a Rwandan on trial before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Today, this tribunal is represented by an expensive and inefficient ‘residual mechanism’ (the IRMCT). 3D image of the IRMCT buildings near Arusha in Tanzania.
What lies beneath the Robinson case
4 April 2025 by Balthazar Nduwayezu + Thierry Cruvellier
The Mechanism that succeeded the UN tribunals intends to prosecute the lawyer Peter Robinson for contempt of court. But who still needs this judicial institution, which has cost around 400 million dollars over the last twelve years?
Democratic Republic of Congo versus Rwanda: the conflict is now also being played out in African courts. Photo: An M23 soldier patrols near a coltan mine, a highly prized mineral that is believed to be one of Rwanda's motivations for its incursion into the DRC. Kinshasa and Kigali face off in African courts
17 March 2025 by Caleb Kazadi
The conflict between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda is now also being played out in the courts. That of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights.
The invaders return - Poster for the redesigned ‘’The Invaders‘’ series. A map of the world is inlaid in the starry sky. The invaders return
7 March 2025 by Thierry Cruvellier
More and more countries – Russia, Israel, the United States, China, Azerbaijan, Venezuela – are publicly declaring their intent to conquer territories by force, or like Rwanda are doing it without admitting. The world order establ [...]
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a hub for the mineral trade, is a magnet for neighbouring Rwanda, as it is for other countries further afield, in the European Union and elsewhere. Photo: Members of the M23 armed group, supported by Rwanda, patrol in Goma, North Kivu. Modern-day gold rush in North Kivu: what the law can do
4 February 2025 by Kerstin Bree Carlson
Is there a role for international law in what’s happening in North Kivu, and more generally in international peace, at a time when Rwanda seems to have drawn the conclusion of a global context marked by major powers openly conside [...]
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Kabuga's money - Photo: bundles of banknotes (Rwandan francs)
7 November 2024 by Balthazar Nduwayezu
Will the UN ever recover Kabuga’s money? Bogged down in its proceedings, will the UN Mechanism, the successor to the Tribunal for Rwanda set up thirty years ago, recover Félicien Kabuga’s money one day? Located in France, Belgium and Rwanda thanks to his son, the assets [...]
Military report supposedly behind the plot that led to the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda. Photo montage combining a portrait of Théoneste Bagosora at a hearing before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and a scan of the 1991 report of the ‘Bagosora Commission’.
5 November 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier
Justice Info publishes the report supposedly behind the genocide plot in Rwanda For 30 years, only an extract of this report had been known. And in the eyes of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), this extract formed the basis of the criminal conspiracy that led to the geno [...]
Lucy Gaynor answers Thierry Cruvellier's questions in an in-depth interview about the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Illustration: Gaynor's portrait.
4 November 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier
How the UN tribunal for Rwanda shaped the genocide narrative On November 8, 1994, less than four months after the genocide in Rwanda, the United Nations created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Over the course of almost 30 years of trials, how has this court forged its [...]
Trial in France of Eugène Rwamucyo for complicity in genocide in Rwanda - Photo: Eugène Rwamucyo at the opening of his trial in Paris
30 October 2024 by AFP
Rwamucyo sentenced for complicity in genocide Eugène Rwamucyo, a former Rwandan doctor and teacher, was sentenced to 27 years' imprisonment by a French court on October 30 for complicity in genocide and crimes against humanity. He is the eighth Rwandan to be tried in France f [...]
Eugène Rwamucyo, a Rwandan doctor accused in France of participating in the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda.
1 October 2024 by AFP
Rwamucyo: the eighth Rwandan universal jurisdiction trial opens in France The trial of Eugène Rwamucyo will last four weeks before the Paris Assize Court, where the Rwandan is on trial for genocide and crimes against humanity. The crimes are alleged to have been committed by the doctor in Rwanda thirty [...]
UN Residual Mechanism (IRMCT) - Photo: Félicien Kabuga, in a wheelchair, is accompanied by two police officers during his trial, handled by the Mechanism, for his involvement in the Rwandan genocide.
29 July 2024 by Balthazar Nduwayezu
Rwanda: the residual debacles of the Residual Mechanism The UN Mechanism that has performed for 14 years the “residual” functions of the Rwanda and former Yugoslavia tribunals has just been extended to complete its own residual tasks. With regard to Rwanda, it needs to break the deadlo [...]
Gacaca courts in Rwanda. Photo: Denis Bikesha, former director of training, mobilisation and sensibilisation for the gacaca courts in Rwanda after 1994.
9 July 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier + Emmanuel Sehene Ruvugiro
“You cannot transplant the gacaca court system” July 17th, 2024 will mark the 30th anniversary of the official end of the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda. Denis Bikesha is a former director of training, mobilisation and sensibilisation for the gacaca courts in Rwanda after 199 [...]
Rwandan Emmanuel Nkunduwimye sentenced to 25 years in prison in Belgium for his part in the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994. Photo: Nkunduwimye during his trial.
10 June 2024 by AFP
Belgium: Nkunduwimye sentenced to 25 years in prison for genocide He helped the killers “with full knowledge of the facts”, ruled the jury in the seventh Rwandan universal jurisdiction trial to be held in Belgium. Emmanuel Nkunduwimye, brother-in-law of Interahamwe militia leader Georges Rutagan [...]
Reintegration and reconciliation of a former ‘genocidaire’ in Rwanda - Photo: Hamenyimana poses in his field in the village of Remera.
10 June 2024 by Emmanuel Sehene Ruvugiro
Pascal Hamenyimana and the timid reintegration of a former “génocidaire” Back in his village after serving a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in genocide, ex-convict Pascal Hamenyimana is gradually returning to a normal life, thanks to the welcome, the moral and financial support of several survi [...]
The Hotel des Mille Collines in Rwanda
14 May 2024 by Gaëlle Ponselet
Witnesses defect from the Nkunduwimye trial The Brussels Assize Court, which is currently trying Belgian-Rwandan Emmanuel Nkunduwimye for genocide, is facing a major defection of witnesses. The latest is Paul Rusesabagina, former manager of the Hôtel des Mille Collines in K [...]
Portrait of Assumpta Mugiraneza, co-founder and director of the IRIBA Centre for Multimedia Heritage (Kigali, Rwanda).
26 April 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier + Emmanuel Sehene Ruvugiro
Assumpta Mugiraneza: “The policy of memory in Rwanda must be reinvented, renegotiated” Assumpta Mugiraneza, 57, is the co-founder and director of the IRIBA Center for Multimedia Heritage in Kigali. With rare freedom of speech, she recounts the construction of memory after the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994 [...]
On October 26, 1992, Interahamwe militiamen and extremist MRND militants flooded into Kigali's Nyamirambo district to demonstrate their support for the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR). The placard read:
22 April 2024 by Gaëlle Ponselet
At Belgian trial, two former Interahamwe leaders dodge testifying Dieudonné Niyitegeka and Eugène Mbarushimana are the only two surviving former members of the National Committee of the Interahamwe, the militia that spearheaded the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994. They have never been prose [...]
A man looks at the names of genocide victims at the Mount Rebero memorial in Kigali.
18 April 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier + Emmanuel Sehene Ruvugiro
At Rebero, political remembrance of the genocide April 13 saw the official closing ceremony for the 30th commemoration of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. The ceremony took place on Mount Rebero, overlooking the capital Kigali -- the same place where the first commemoration took pl [...]
Rwandan trial in Belgium - Emmanuel Nkunduwimye, the accused, drops defence of Georges Rutaganda, also accused of participating in the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994. Photo: 2 portraits side by side.
11 April 2024 by Gaëlle Ponselet
Nkunduwimye drops defence of his friend Rutaganda Emmanuel Nkunduwimye is accused in a Belgian court of having participated in the 1994 genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda alongside his friend Georges Rutaganda, who was convicted 20 years ago by a UN tribunal and died in 2010. For the f [...]
In memory of the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda, 30 years on. Photo: At the end of the commemorations, an elder leaves the Mayunzwe memorial and walks down the hill towards the village.
9 April 2024 by Thierry Cruvellier
Mayunzwe remembers the "Calvary" of the Tutsis On April 7, all Rwandans commemorated 30 years since the 1994 genocide. While an official ceremony was held in the capital Kigali, gatherings were also organized on hillsides across the country. In Mayunzwe, central Rwanda, villag [...]
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