Azerbaijan and Armenian separatists from the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh held their first direct peace talks Thursday, after Baku claimed to have regained control over the breakaway region in a lightning military operation.
The separatists agreed to lay down their arms on Wednesday as part of a Russian-brokered ceasefire plan that halted Azerbaijan's 24-hour offensive to retake land at the centre of decades of conflict.
Azerbaijan's presidency said the two-hour meeting had been "held in a constructive and peaceful atmosphere" in the presence of Russian peacekeepers, and both sides expressed readiness to hold more talks.
Baku's negotiators presented plans for the "reintegration" of Karabakh's Armenian population into Azerbaijan and pledged to provide urgently needed fuel, humanitarian supplies, and medical care to residents.
While the meeting was happening, gunfire rang out in the separatist stronghold of Stepanakert, despite the truce deal.
The breakaway authorities accused Azerbaijan of violating the ceasefire, but Baku denied the allegation.
Russia's defence ministry also said it observed "five ceasefire violations" in the areas of Shusha and Mardakert.
- 'Crime against humanity' -
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia and Azerbaijan have fought two wars over the small mountainous region. Now, there are concerns of a fresh refugee crisis as Karabakh's Armenian population fears being forced out.
Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said the ceasefire was holding overall and he did not see a "direct threat" to the civilian population.
Nonetheless he said Yerevan was prepared to host 40,000 families from the region, which is estimated to hold up to 120,000 ethnic Armenians.
The European Union said it was ready to provide "urgent humanitarian assistance", urging Azerbaijan to allow access to the enclave.
French President Emmanuel Macron spoke by phone with Pashinyan and "reiterated France's determination to work toward (establishing) conditions for unhindered access for humanitarian aid to civilians," his office said.
The UN Security Council was due to hold an emergency session to discuss the situation, after separatists said the assault claimed 200 lives.
The collapse of the separatist resistance represents a major victory for Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev.
Aliyev said his country had restored its sovereignty over the region for the first time in decades. Baku insists it now wants to see the "peaceful reintegration" of Karabakh Armenians.
A separatist official said more than 10,000 people had been evacuated from Armenian communities in Nagorno-Karabakh.
- Putin talks to Aliyev -
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Thursday urged Aliyev to ensure the security of the region's Armenians.
Russia -- the traditional regional powerbroker -- sent peacekeepers to Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 as part of a deal to end a six-week war in which Azerbaijan regained partial control of the region.
Under this week's truce, the separatists said they had agreed to fully dismantle their army.
Azerbaijan's defence ministry said all weapons were to be surrendered.
After the Soviet Union fell apart, Armenian separatists seized the region -- internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan -- in the early 1990s.
That sparked a war that left 30,000 people dead and displaced hundreds of thousands.
The latest violence comes with Moscow bogged down in its war against Ukraine, and after the United States and European Union had stepped up attempts to find a lasting peace.
Pashinyan on Thursday condemned "failures" by the Russian peacekeeping mission to avert Azerbaijan's assault.
Six Russian peacekeepers were among those killed, the Azerbaijan prosecutor's office said, five on Wednesday when its forces "mistakenly" identified them as Armenian separatists, and another who died after coming under fire from separatist troops.
The Kremlin said Aliyev had apologised to Putin over the deaths.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has expressed "wholehearted support" for its ally, Azerbaijan.
- 'Path is not easy' -
The apparent capitulation of the separatists has sparked jubilation among Azerbaijanis hoping for an end to decades of strife.
But it ratchets up domestic pressure on Pashinyan, who has faced stinging criticism at home for making concessions to Azerbaijan since the 2020 war.
Thousands of angry citizens rallied outside his offices in Yerevan's Republic Square waving Karabakh flags and holding placards that said "We must save Karabakh's children from genocide".
"Today is the day of our shame. Nikol stole our homeland," pharmacist Arkady Balayan, 32, told AFP.
"This is genocide. One must not blame everything on the Russians, Turks, Americans. Our government is responsible first," said Karabakh native Anush Hyusnunts, 48.
Still, Pashinyan said on Thursday that a road to peace with Armenia's arch-rival was difficult but must still be pursued.
"This path is not easy, it goes through internal and external shocks, and we must pursue it," he said.
Aliyev has said this week's events would have a "positive impact" on attempts to negotiate a lasting peace.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the question of which country Nagorno-Karabakh belongs to had been "decided" and conditions were in place for an enduring solution.
burs-del/zak/yad/lcm
