Former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic on Monday launches his appeal before UN judges against a 40-year jail term for war crimes committed during Bosnia's bloody 1990s conflict.
Here is a rundown of the fate of other key players in the Balkan wars.
- Milosevic, Serbia's president, died on trial -
Slobodan Milosevic was accused of fuelling ethnic conflict and mass murder in the former Yugoslavia during his 13 years of iron rule, defying international sanctions and NATO bombs.
Elected Serbian president in 1990, he played a key role in supporting the Serb cause during the Croatian and Bosnian wars, and later in the Kosovo conflict.
He died in his cell at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague in 2006, aged 64, while on trial on 66 counts including the Srebrenica genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
- Karadzic, Bosnian Serb leader, launches appeal -
Radovan Karadzic was found guilty in 2016 of genocide and nine other charges including extermination, deportations and hostage-taking. He was sentenced to 40 years in jail. He launches his appeal on Monday before the tribunal which has taken over from the ICTY.
The genocide conviction arose from the 1995 Srebrenica massacre in which almost 8,000 Muslim men and boys were slaughtered.
Karadzic, now 72, evaded capture for 13 years until he was arrested in 2008 on a Belgrade bus, masquerading behind a bushy beard as a New Age healer.
- Mladic, Bosnian Serb military leader, appealed -
Former Bosnian Serbian commander Ratko Mladic in March 2018 appealed against his convictions for genocide and war crimes.
Mladic, 76, once dubbed the Butcher of Bosnia, was sentenced to life imprisonment in November 2017 for his role in the Balkans war, including the siege of Sarajevo and the 1995 Srebrenica massacre.
He was arrested in 2011 after 16 years on the run.
- Plavsic, Bosnian Serb president, pleaded guilty -
Vice-president then president of the Serbs' self-declared Republika Srpska, Biljana Plavsic -- the only woman to be convicted by the ICTY -- pleaded guilty to crimes against humanity and was sentenced to 11 years in jail in 2003.
She was found to have played a leading role in a campaign of persecution against Croats and Muslims.
Now 87, she was granted release in 2009.
- Seselj, radical Serb, found guilty -
UN judges on April 11 found radical Serb Vojislav Seselj, 63, guilty on appeal of crimes against humanity, sentencing him to 10 years, but he will remain a free man because of time already served behind bars.
A Milosevic ally, Seselj was accused of being behind the murder of many Croats, Muslims and other non-Serbs, as well as the forced deportation of "tens of thousands".
The ICTY originally acquitted the hardline Serbian Radical Party leader on all charges. The court's chief prosecutor appealed, denouncing "errors ".
- Gotovina, Croatian general, acquitted -
An army general considered a war hero by many Croats, Ante Gotovina, now 62, was initially sentenced to 24 years in jail for crimes against humanity and war crimes.
He was acquitted on appeal in 2012.
- Tudjman , Croatia president, escaped charges -
Franjo Tudjman took the Croatian republic out of the Yugoslav federation. The subsequent independence war left about 20,000 people dead.
After Tudjman died in 1999, aged 77, the ICTY said he would have been indicted for war crimes had he lived.
- Izetbegovic, Bosnian president, probed, not charged -
Bosnia's first president, Alija Izetbegovic, was a Muslim who led the country to independence, a move that was followed by the bloody 1992-1995 war between Muslims, Serbs and Croats.
After his death aged 78 in 2000, the ICTY said it had been investigating Serb allegations that he committed war crimes, but no charges were ever brought.
- Arkan, Serb paramilitary head, gunned down -
The head of the feared "Tigers", a Serb paramilitary outfit, Zeljko "Arkan" Raznatovic was indicted in 1997 by the Hague court for crimes against humanity and war crimes for its actions in Bosnia in 1995. The indictment held him personally responsible for the beating, rape and execution of non-Serbs by his soldiers.
The details of the charges against him were not confirmed until after his death however. He was gunned down in January 2000 in a Belgrade hotel.
- Praljak, Bosnian Croat military commander, commits suicide -
Bosnian Croat military commander Slobodan Praljak, 72, took his own life, drinking cyanide in court in November 2017, in full glare of the cameras, just after appeal judges upheld his 20-year jail term in their final verdict.
- Thaci, Kosovo president, faces court ? -
Hashim Thaci, Kosovo's president since 2016, was once the political leader of the guerrilla Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) that fought for independence from Serbia.
He was not investigated by the ICTY, but there has been speculation he could face a special court getting under way in The Hague to try crimes allegedly committed by KLA figures. No indictments have yet been unveiled by the court, and no cases have started there.
